First detection of Fusarium globosum in small grain cereals on Ural and Siberian territory
Keywords:
wheat, barley, Fusarium globosum, first detection, Ural, Siberia, RussiaAbstract
Fusarium globosum was revealed as a result of the study of the fungi composition in the grain samples of bread and durum wheat, and barley obtained from the Novosibirsk and Chelyabinsk Regions, as well as the Altai Territory in 2017–2018. This is the first record of F. globosum for Russia and the fourth record for the world. This species is a member of Fusarium fujikuroi species complex, which are characterized by their ability to produce fumonisins, representing a group of dangerous mycotoxins with carcinogenic properties. In this paper we provided the descriptions of micro- and macromorphological characteristics of Russian strains of F. globosum. Morphological identification was confirmed by sequencing of the taxonomically significant region of the elongation factor 1? gene. The growth over a wide temperature range and the pathogenicity of F. globosum strains were analyzed in comparison with strains of phylogenetically close species F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides. There were no significant differences between species in the temperature optimum of growth (between 20 and 25 °C), while the range of favorable temperatures for F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides was much broader than for F. globosum strains. The difference in pathogenicity of all the studied strains, characterized by the leaf damage of two wheat varieties, was insignificant. Apparently, the distribution of F. globosum covers the territory at least from Ural to Western Siberia. Due to the change in the environmental conditions and globalization of plant industry, F. globosum can potentially spread to the larger area.