Некоторые особенности преимагинального развития афидиид (Hymenoptera, Aphidiidae), их теоретическое и прикладное значение

Abstract

Aphidiine wasps (Aphidiidae) are known exclusively by a solitary endophagous parasitoids of aphids. They develop only on Aphidoidea representatives and are absent on Phylloxeroidea. The main difference between the Aphidoidea and Phylloxeroidea is that the first is characterized by both the oviparous and viviparous generations. High level of metabolism in the body of viviparous aphid provides the development of single aphidiine larva. An assumption is that the appearance of viviparous aphids in the superfamily Aphidoidea is the most important evolutionary factor determining the development of the family Aphidiidae (Hymenoptera). The aphidiine larva generally pupates and spins a cocoon inside the mummy (indurated skin of the dead parasitized aphid-host). The cases of external pupation of aphidiine wasps are described. These examples characterize the close relationship of the Aphidiidae with their ancestors from the Braconidae. The intrapopulation variability of localization of the cocoon relative to the mummies for Praon volucre (Haliday) are described. It is shown that some of features of the cocoon of aphidiine wasps and mummies of aphid-host are important for the taxonomic identification of the species.