The given work describes a technology of construction of neural network system of artificial intellect (AI) at a junction of declarative programming and machine training on the basis of modelling of cortical columns. Evolutionary mechanisms, using available material and relatively simple phenomena, have created complex intelligent systems. From this, the authors conclude that AI should also be based on simple but scalable and biofeasible algorithms, in which the stochastic dynamics of cortical neural modules allow to find solutions to of complex problems quickly and efficiently.. Purpose: Algorithmic formalization at the level of replicative neural network complexes - neocortex columns of the brain. Methods: The basic AI module is presented as a specialization and formalization of the concept "Chinese room" introduced by John Earle. The results of experiments on forecasting binary sequences are presented. The computer simulation experiments have shown high efficiency in implementing the proposed algorithms. At the same time, instead of using for each task a carefully selected and adapted separate method with partially equivalent restatement of tasks, the standard unified approach and unified algorithm parameters were used. It is concluded that the results of the experiments show the possibility of effective applied solutions based on the proposed technology. Practical value: the presented technology allows creating self-learning and planning systems.
The paper is devoted to the influence of transfer function zeros on state feedback controller parameters. Nowadays, during the modal control system design process, the most attention is paid to the analysis of transfer function poles. If transfer function zeros are located closely to the poles, the control object tends to singularity, when the influence of the input control signals to the output signals becomes weaker. This fact leads to the designing of state-space controllers with extremely high values of control coefficients. Available methods for selecting the desired poles of closed loop systems are represented by the following variants: quantitative evaluation of the controllability and observability of object models and object model reduction. These methods have some disadvantages: dependence on the state-space representation of the control object model, ignoring some parts and characteristics of the control object model. In this paper, to analyze the state feedback controller parameters the invariant of the state-space representation characteristic is used – catalecticant (Hankel) matrix. As a result, it was found that control coefficients of the state feedback controller are inversely proportional to the determinant of the catalecticant matrix of the control object, and the determinant of the catalecticant matrix is equal to the resultant of transfer function polynomials. A method of converting the block diagram of the control object model using the residues of the transfer function was suggested. As a result of the conversion, poles, which cause high values of control coefficients, are isolated as a multiplicative uncertainty in the object model structure. The robust control theory can be used for control system designing with such organization of the control object.
The problem of estimating the vulnerability of the speech information of a confidential nature is currently topical. However, in the use of means of acoustic protection, i.e. in conditions of strong noise, the existing instrumental and computational methods give greater accuracy when compared with the extremely labor intensive methods of articulation.
In the paper we study the method of estimating the security of voice data based on the Pearson correlation coefficient. This ratio has poor sensitivity to the spectral properties of the acoustic signals. Therefore, the author suggests an approach to the definition of the security indicator of voice data based on the mathematical apparatus of the coher-ence function of source and noisy signals.
We propose to split the entire speech frequency range of the coherence function into separate octaves. We also offer to calculate the expectation of the coherence function components in octaves and on the basis of convolution function obtain an expression for calculating the index of the vulnerability of speech.
The proposed algorithm for determining the vulnerability index of voice data allows improving the assessment accuracy.
Zeros of the control objects are the cause of difficulties in control system design process. In particular, this effect takes place in direct drive servo with elastic coupling whose finite-dimensional models have zeros. In modern literature, these difficulties are associated with the attenuation of controllability and observability of the objects with zeros. This article shows that controllability and observability properties could not explain the problem of the control system design process for objects with zeros because these properties are not invariant to the choice of basis. It is proposed to consider the completeness property of the object instead of the controllability and observability properties. The proximity of the object to singularity or to a loss of the completeness determines the difficulty of the control system design process. The article analyzes one of the methods to regularize the control system synthesis procedure.
The article deals with the application of systems of the basiс functions, defined on finite argument intervals, in the problem of obtaining discrete signal samples. These mathematical bases allow justifying the size of signal sample lattices for actual situations where their spectra are infinite and are characterized by a certain degree of attenuation at high frequencies. For expressions with finite functions, which do not have the time as argument, the conception “the Nyquist frequency” loses its significance.
The paper proposes the variant of architecture of sub-search system for analytical monitoring implementation featuring its own database formation and own search index. For accelerating the process of obtaining the documents potentially relevant for user, the external internet search systems are involved on initial stage.
The paper presents a research of universal structures and their functioning in the mental lexicon of an adult, studying L2 in classroom conditions. Bilingual mental lexicon is modeled in form of associative-verbal network on the basis of the materials of word association tests with native Russian-speaking subjects at different levels of their English language proficiency (beginner level and intermediate level). A universal structure is represented by a local grouping of nodes, expressed by different language code and characterized by integral meaning, which is distributed along two between-node connections. Universal structures preserve their stability in the mental lexicon at different levels of L2 proficiency; are formed in the direction from the surface linguistic level to the deep conceptual one; fulfill the connecting, integrative and mediating functions and provide for the processes of inter-lingual interaction of L1 and L2 in the network.
The signed utility functions application is substantiated in this paper. The problem of their values’ convolution for multicriteria ordering is solved, including the assessment whether the multiplicative convolution application is justified in this case.
Introduction : Modern complex technical systems are often critical. Criticality is due to the consequences of disruption of the functioning of such systems, and their failure to fulfill the required list of functions and tasks. The process of control and management of such systems is carried out using communication systems and networks that become critical for them. There is a need to ensure the stable functioning of the complex technical systems themselves, their control and monitoring systems, communication systems and networks. The paper proposes a method for ensuring the functional stability of a communication system, the basis of which is the process of identifying and eliminating conflicts in it due to the difference between the profile of functioning and the profile of the process of functioning of the system. The proposed model of the process of functioning of the communication system allows, based on changes in the intensity of the impact on the system of destabilizing factors, the identification of conflicts and their elimination, to determine the probability of ensuring the functional stability of the system. The purpose of the study: to develop a methodology for ensuring the functional stability of a communication system under the influence of destabilizing factors and the emergence of conflicts, a model of the process of the system's functioning, which makes it possible to determine the probability of the system being in a functionally stable state. Methods of graph theory and matrix theory, the theory of Markov processes. Results: an approach is proposed for assessing the functional stability of a communication system under the influence of destabilizing factors, a technique has been developed to ensure the functional stability of a communication system. Practical significance: the results of the study can be used in the design and construction of complex technical systems, decision support systems, control, communication and management.
A computationally efficient algorithmic solution to the problem of optimal nonlinear filtering of information impact estimates in a generalized stochastic model of information warfare is developed in the article. The formed solution is applicable in the presence of heterogeneous rules for measuring the parameters of the information warfare model, on the basis of which a pair of systems of stochastic differential equations is formed. According to the criterion of maximum likelihood according to the determined evolution of the a posteriori conditional probability density function at a given observation interval, the evaluation of the information impact in the optimal nonlinear filtering model is performed. Taking into account the probability addition theorem, as the probability of the sum of two joint events, the density functions of which are established from the numerical solution of the corresponding robust Duncan-Mortensen-Zakai equations, finding a posteriori conditional probability density function at a given time is performed. For the first event, it is assumed that the first system of stochastic differential equations is the equation of state, and the second – is the equation of observation. For the second event, their definition is set in reverse order. The solution of the robust Duncan-Mortensen-Zakai equation is carried out in the formulation of the Galerkin spectral method when sampling the observation interval into subintervals and reducing the initial solution to a numerical recurrent study of the sequence of subtasks using the so-called Yau-Yau's algorithm, which assumes an estimate of the probability measure from the solution of the direct Kolmogorov equation with its subsequent correction by observation. To highlight the features of the algorithmic implementation of the compiled solution, an algorithm for optimal nonlinear filtering of information impact estimates in a generalized stochastic model of information confrontation when specifying the listing of the function implementing it, which is represented by a pseudocode, has been formed. To identify the preference of the compiled algorithmic solution for optimal nonlinear filtering of information impact assessments, a series of computational experiments on large-volume test samples was carried out. The result of the information impact assessment obtained by the proposed algorithm is compared with the determined solution: 1) by the average sample values from the observation models; 2) by an ensemble extended Kalman filter; 3) by a filtering algorithm involving a numerical study of the Duncan-Mortensen-Zakai equation. According to the conducted a posteriori study, quantitative indicators that establish the gain of the compiled algorithm and the limits of its applicability are highlighted.
The formulation and numerical scheme for solving the problem of filtering estimates of the informational impact of mass media on the electorate, allowing with a high degree of accuracy at a given observation interval to estimate the number of individuals in society who prefer a certain political subject (opinion), are proposed in the article. A mathematical model for assessing the information impact on the electorate during election campaigns, which boils down to solving a stochastic differential equation – the equation of state, forms the basis of the formulation of the problem. When compiling a model for filtering information impact estimates, it is proposed to reduce the study of the equation of state to a numerical solution of the Duncan–Mortensen–Zakai equation by introducing an additional observation equation, which is obtained from the equation of state when evaluating its stochastic components (observed agitation intensities) by methods of polyspectral analysis. In the projection formulation of the Galerkin method, when reducing to a system of linear differential equations and obtaining its solution in a recursive estimation scheme when sampling the analysis interval into subintervals and using the matrix exponential method, the Duncan–Mortensen–Zakai equation is solved. For a visual comparison of the effectiveness of the generated numerical solution to the problem of filtering information impact assessments, calculations were carried out on test examples.
Modeling of radiation fields of an arbitrary optical thickness uniform slab in the case of a weak absorption and strongly elongated phase functions has been carried. The simple modification of classical Ambarzumian’s — Chandrasekhar’s invariance principle indispensable for the receiving of new non-linear integral equations connected with azimuthal Fourier harmonics of generalized unified photometric function and photometric invariants has been used. These values join upgoing and downgoing radiation fields intensities making use of simple linear manner at arbitrary optical levels in mirror vision directions including fixed azimuthal angles and solar zenith distance. Parametrizations of obtained non-linear integral equations have demonstrated in the absence of reflecting underlying surfaces, placed at the lowest level of considered uniform slab, the possibility to express angular-spatial properties of unified photometrical function and appropriate photometrical invariants taking into account the phase functions strongly elongation near small scattering angles and small slab’s absorption with the help of primary scattered radiation field intensities and adaptive fitting multipliers. These functional adaptive corrections have been stipulated by uniform slab’s multiple light scattering and possess the clear physical interpretation. The use of mirror reflection (symmetry) principle, elaborated by the author, and conception of unified photometric function allows one to estimate the above-mentioned peculiarities of real environment’s phase functions in the framework of photometric invariants numerical modeling. An analysis of appropriate radiative modeling results has shown a dominating influence of primary light scattering in the formation of anisotropically scattered radiation fields of an arbitrary optical thickness uniform slab in the case of weak radiation absorption and strongly elongated phase functions.
This article is devoted to evaluation of the effectiveness of the spacecraft remote sensing of the Earth. The probability of monitoring the spacecraft remote sensing of the specified area is proposed as a generalized indicator of the effectiveness. That probability depends on the probability of the reception of information about the object and the probability of occurrence of data transmission to the point of processing through the channels of satellite communication systems. The probability of obtaining information about an object is determined by the probability of object detection in the area and probability of its identification. The focus is on the estimation of the probability of object detection in a service area. This figure has a geometric meaning, which determines the percentage of the area surface viewed by the spacecraft. The calculation of geometric probability is generally performed using R-functions. The work includes mathematical description of the span and area of service by the final mathematical expressions, on the basis of which correlations to calculate area-based indicators of the viewing areas of the earth's surface were obtained.
We propose a mathematical method based on the use of complex functions as a status attributed to the state of the object functions. The method is focused on the direct de-scription of the mathematical model of the feedback channel of ergatic systems. Status functions are formed as an optimal, orthonormal basis of the system. The rules for working with the status functions are introduced, and their interpretation is proposed. A method for forming the operator for conversing signals given as status functions is proposed. Thus, the mathematical support of an analysis of the interaction in the integrated educational environment is improved on the basis of modelling competence portraits of participants of the learning process, which is characterized by the use of status functions. This allowed for the multicomponent assessment of competence in the form of complex-valued functions.
This article discusses some approaches to the recognition of the parameters of the threshold k-valued functions, which can be used for building information processing and security units. The main focus is put on the issue of proving k-valued function belonging to the threshold class. For solving this problem it is proposed to use the input coefficients of expansion and increase. With the help of the latter, the coefficients of linear forms of the k-valued threshold function are procedurally approximated. Along with the proposed analytical approach, the article discusses an algorithmic method based on reducing the problem of finding a threshold representation of k-valued functions to the system of linear inequalities, for the solution of which the ellipsoid method, modified by Khachiyan, is applied. The comparative analysis of the proposed methods is carried out based on experiments.
A more detailed representation of Shannon's formula for determining the channel capacity is developed. In a modified form it takes into account the parameters of the signal in both time and frequency range. One of the components introduced to the modified ratio of the Shannon communication channel throughput is the uncertainty relation. A new method of calculating the uncertainty relation for the signals is proposed and described. Examples of calculations of the uncertainty relation for different classes of signals using existing methods and the proposed approach are presented.
A preface and introduction article presents an article by Platon Sergeevich Poreckij which is a record of his lecture delivered on October 25, 1886. The preface contains short historical reference about P. S. Poreckij’s works in the field of mathematical logic and its application to other science, including the probability theory. The introduction article has the main goal to show how the beginning of logic-and-probabilistic method (LPM) was created at the end of the XIX century. LPM essence was in valid transition from logic equation between the events to algebraic equality between their probabilities. The article shows that LPM further development is connected to the necessity of evaluation of digital circuits reliability as well as structurally complex systems reliability and safety in 1960s. Scientific disputes and the possibility of combining mathematical logic and the probability theory do not stop in the XIX century. There are regular seminars and conferences held on this subject. We discuss the complex mathematical and philosophical question about the nature of fundamentally different concepts - the probabilistic logic (PL) and the logic of probability (LP).
The results of kinesthetic motor imagery EEG-pattern classification of one hand fingers and wrist movements executed in a given rhythm are presented in this study. The classifiers were based on the support vector machine method and on the developed neural network committee. It was shown that the accuracy of pairwise EEG-pattern classification of imaginary movements by means of the neural network committee was higher on average than the accuracy of the support vector machine classifier. The possibility of improving the accuracy of fine motor imaginary classification was revealed with the help of individual approach implementation for selection of EEG-pattern classification parameters.
In this paper, we describe some prospective directions of the use of service robots (robot-assistants) in the high-tech domain of manned space exploration. We analyze conceptual approaches for the organization of an internal environment of service robots and an external work environment for joint functioning a human-operator and a service robot.
The sensitivity theory combines the principles and methods for exploring the influence of parameters variation on properties of control systems. The sensitivity theory was formed at the end 1950s – the beginning of 1960s as an independent scientific field. Rozenwasser E.N. and Yusupov R. M. made a significant contribution to its formation. The paper describes general aspects of the historical development of sensitivity theory, the authors’ contribution to its formation within the control theory and the general theory of dynamic systems, and scientific and organizational activity which was carried out in the country with participation of authors on promotion of the sensitivity theory.
1 - 22 of 22 items