ADOP 2026

Biologized farming technology as a factor in the development of rural areas of the Krasnodar Territory

andreykukharenko — 2025-11-13

The author analyzes the current stage of agricultural culture development. It was found that over the period from 1990 to 2022, the volume of mineral fertilizers applied to agricultural land in the Russian Federation decreased from 9.9 million tons to 3.4 million tons. The volume of mineral fertilizers applied over this period decreased by more than five times – from 389.5 million tons to 70.2 million tons, which indicates on reducing measures to increase soil fertility. Uncontrolled disposal of biological waste from agricultural and forestry industries endangers the environmental and sanitary-epidemiological safety of the territories where they are located. In this regard, it is a promising branch of biotechnology related to the composting of organic waste. As a result of processing, livestock and poultry waste is converted into vermicompost or compost. The author conducted experiments to analyze the growth of nutrient reserves using a biologized technology for growing grain crops, sugar beet, sunflower, corn, as well as the effectiveness of a biological method for processing straw and plant residues. In addition, a comparison of the economic effect of biologized and industrial technology of growing grain crops was made. Based on the results of the research, a technology for the use of biological products has been developed using the example of various agricultural crops, in addition, a biologized farming technology has been introduced for processing post-harvest residues.

Opportunities and limitations of the development of organic food production: world experience and the situation in Russia

hapsat1987 — 2025-11-13

The article analyzes the opportunities, positive and negative externalities, factors and limitations for the development of organic production in Russia and abroad, and examines the risks of organic agriculture that arise in ensuring food security. Global experience shows that both positive and negative externalities affect the production of organic products. On the one hand, rural employment is supported, ethnographic, rural and wellness tourism is developing, and the environmental burden is reduced in places where the principles of organic farming are applied. On the other hand, veterinary and phytosanitary risks are growing, food security is being threatened, the intensity of the use of permitted pesticides is increasing, and the environmental burden is rising in regions with developed agriculture. Organic farming generally has a lower impact on the environment per unit area, but the "environmental costs" per unit of production may increase, and therefore on the total volume of production. Sustainable development of organic food production in Russia is possible based on the development and widespread implementation of domestic laborsaving technologies that combine the possibilities of biologization and digitalization, based on scientific research in the field of biotechnology, agricultural science and digital technologies, which requires increased support for interdisciplinary research

Intraprofile Distribution of Mobile Forms of Some Heavy Metals in Eroded Mountain Chernozems

Unknown — 2025-11-13

Microelements, which are mainly found in soil, play an important role in plants' normal growth and development. Their excess or deficiency disrupts the normal growth and development of living organisms. Consequently, the study of the content and patterns of distribution of microelements in soils, including eroded ones, is of scientific and practical importance.

The article discusses the distribution and content of mobile forms of microelements, including manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), and copper (Cu), in eroded mountain chernozems. A connection has been revealed between erosion and the content of mobile microelements in the soil. The content of mobile microelements decreases as the degree of erodibility of mountain chernozems increases. In strongly eroded chernozems, compared to non-eroded ones, the reserves of mobile manganese are reduced by 62-89%, copper by 64-95%, and cobalt by 49-94%. The amount of mobile copper in slightly eroded, typical chernozems sometimes increases.

In typical chernozems, the patterns of microelement distribution within the soil profile also change depending on cultivation and the degree of erosion. It should be noted that the copper content in the upper horizons of non-eroded and slightly eroded arable lands is significantly higher (9.9–10.6 mg/kg) than in their virgin counterparts (7.0–7.7 mg/kg). Regarding manganese and cobalt content, typical chernozems under cultivation differ little from virgin soils.

Prospects for BSFL conversion of grain wastes into pig feedstuffs

nekroman44 — 2025-11-13

Circular economy offers innovative opportunities to convert agricultural waste into valuable products and feedstocks. We established a high level of bioconversion of nutrients from grain wastes into BSFL biomass (FCR 2.56; per DM). The dried samples were found to have high crude protein (35.1%) and crude fat (40.8%) contents, suggesting the use of BSFL biomass as a feedstock for pigs. The inclusion of a high protein dietary component (CP 58.6%, lysine 1.30%) prepared from dried BSFL stimulated feed intake of pigs by 8.93% (p<0.05). There was a high degree of correlation between ADG-ADFI (r=0.83, p<0.001) as well as FCR-ADFI (r=0.74, p<0.001). The result of fattening pigs using BSFL meal is effective as the final ADG, carcass pair weight, slaughter yield were higher than the control (p<0.05). Thus, the use of grain wastes in the BSFL rearing technology creates prerequisites for further development of circular economy of waste processing with the help of insect technology and increases the sustainability of the feed base in pig breeding. In the long term, this approach significantly reduces the costs of production of final products, reduces waste and its negative impact on the environment.

Bioinformatic Data Analysis from Metagenomic Whole Genome Sequencing of Endometrial Microorganisms in Cows with Normal and Pathological Conditions

elenayildirim — 2025-11-13

There remains no consensus on the microbiological causes of endometritis in cows. The aim of this study, therefore, was to analyze the endometrial microbiome using metagenomic whole genome sequencing (WGS) with subsequent bioinformatic data analysis using high-yielding cows kept on an organic farm (Group 1A) compared to animals kept on a large industrial complex as follows: clinically healthy (Group 2A), with subclinical (Group 2B), or purulent-catarrhal endometritis (Group 2C). Using Illumina MiSeq platform, WGS results revealed that the dominant bacterial phyla were Bacillota in Groups 2A, 2B and 2C, as well as Bacteroidota, Fusobacteriota and Bacillota in Group 1A. In industrial farm conditions, subclinical and clinical endometritis was associated with an increase in the amount of Clostridium botulinum in the uterus (p < 0.05). In contrast to Group 2A, the dominant bacterial species in the organic eco-farm Group 1A were Bacteroides fragilis (55.1 ± 3.92%) and Fusobacterium necrophorum (28.8 ± 2.63%). The use of bioinformatic techniques demonstrated that the endometrial microbiome of clinically healthy cows kept in eco-farm conditions (Group 1A) was enriched in bacteriocin genes compared to other studied animal Groups 2A, 2B and 2C. Thus, the standards of feeding and cattle husbandry adopted to eco-farm conditions imply a different composition and functionality of the cattle endometrial microbiome compared to the more common industrial approaches.

Bioinformatic Analysis of NGS Sequencing Data of the Intestinal Microbiome in Broilers Fed Supplements of Glyphosate, Probiotic Bacterial Strains and Antibiotics

elenayildirim — 2025-11-13

Xenobiotics have a negative impact on the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome; this requires measures to correct these disorders. The aim of the study was thus to conduct bioinformatic processing and analysis of NGS sequencing data of the intestinal (caecum) microbiome in broiler chickens, including the analysis of the taxonomic composition and predicted metabolic pathways. Experimental groups of broilers included: Group I fed the basic diet (BD); experimental Group II received BD and glyphosate; experimental Group III fed BD, glyphosate and probiotic bacterial strains; and experimental Group IV received BD along with a combination of glyphosate, antibiotics and probiotic bacterial strains. As a result, a reduction in the live weight of broilers by 4.2% (p < 0.05) was observed in Group II (against the background of glyphosate present in feed). Introduction of a mixture of probiotic bacteria into feed (Group III) resulted in an increased body weight compared to Group II (p < 0.05). In Group II, dysbiotic changes in the composition of the caecum microbiome were observed: an 8.7-fold increase in the number of Streptococcus genus members compared to the control Group I (p < 0.05). In Group IV, an increase in Bacteroidota by 6.2% was observed compared to Group II (p < 0.05). In birds from Group II, compared to Group I, a decline (p < 0.05) in the intensity of various types of predicted metabolic pathways of the microbiome in the intestinal chyme was established. In particular, those associated with energy, carbohydrate, protein types of metabolism, methanogenesis, synthesis of cofactors, etc. were noted.

Satellite Mapping of Soil Enthalpy for the Introduction of Sorghum Crop in the Non-Chernozem Zone (Using the Novgorod Oblast as a Case Study)

gornyy47 — 2025-11-13

Climate change has led to the possibility to introduce heat-loving, high-yielding crops in the non-chernozem region of Russia. However, not all areas of this region have reached the required growing degree-days for these crops. The goal of this study is to use satellite thermal imagery to identify areas with increased soil enthalpy as a step towards introducing these crops in the region. It is known that the heat supply of soil depends on many factors. Therefore, it is important to identify the most suitable agricultural lands for introducing heat-loving plants in a cost-effective way. Since 2016 agroecological trials of heat-loving sorghum crops in this region. These data from long-term studies form the basis for compiling forecast maps of the potential yield of sorghum crops on agricultural land and identifying promising sites for cultivation. In creating these forecast maps, we have used long-term archives of digital data from thermal satellite imagery conducted in the Novgorod Oblast over the past 20 years. Patterns of spatio-temporal variability of heat supply of agricultural lands in the Novgorod Region were revealed. It was concluded that the developed technology can be applied to other heat-loving agricultural crops.

Using UAVs in Potato Growing: Diseases Diagnostics, Liquid Spraying

Andrey Leonidovich Ronzhin — 2025-11-13

The paper considers the options for using agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles in growing potatoes. The most pressing tasks are defined for monitoring soil relief, calculating plant biomass, diagnosing diseases, and applying liquid preparations. When using UAVs, it will be necessary to change the concentration of solutions of active substances used in classic versions of agricultural technologies based on ground sprayers. Also relevant is the development of artificial intelligence technologies for computer processing of data recorded by onboard lidars and video cameras to assess soil relief, the quality of potato tops, and diagnose diseases. The results of 2024 work on the creation of the Novgorod experimental field for testing new digital and robotic agricultural technologies are presented. A plan for conducting experimental work on potatoes has been formulated, which provides for growing potatoes using standard technology using ground-based equipment, as well as options in which the treatment of plantings using UAVs will be tested in operations for treating diseases, pests, and desiccating tops. For the application of liquid substances and field monitoring, our own agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles with a payload weight of 12 kg, a flight range of up to 25 km, a flight time of up to 20 minutes, equipped with quick-release specialized nozzles, video cameras and other attachments for agricultural work are used and improved.

Digital Transformation in Russian Beekeeping

gregwk77kuban — 2025-11-13

The aim of this article is to identify prospects for modernizing domestic beekeeping through digital transformation.Results: The study examines trends in the development of beekeeping. It analyzes the degree of automation, informatization, and robotization in the industry, as well as prospects for its modernization. Using theoretical and methodological approaches to assessing the technological level of development, it is established that the industry corresponds to the second and third technological paradigms. Within the framework of the “Agriculture 4.0” concept, informatization is identified as the key driver of beekeeping development. The study determines the characteristic features of the digital transformation of the industry and highlights the fundamental differences between “smart” beekeeping and traditional practices. It summarizes the experience of implementing various digital solutions and substantiates the need for creating and maintaining an information and communication infrastructure while identifying the risks of digitalization. It is found that the formation of digital resources is hindered by a lack of necessary financial resources, an underdeveloped information and communication network, the absence of experience in this type of work, insufficient knowledge among specialists, and their low motivation.Conclusion. The study concludes that digital transformation will lead to significant socio-economic effects, improving profitability and competitiveness.

STUDY ON DESIGNING A MULTIFUNCTIONAL AGRO-ROBOT PLATFORM FOR WEED CONTROLLING IN VEGETABLE FIELDS

Gombo Gantulga — 2025-11-13

In this paper presented are key results of the research and development studies on developing machine vision system for recognizing and identification of the main plants based on their morphological parameters including vegetable leaf color appearance. Also the concept on designing a multifunctional agro-robot platform for precise control of weeds in vegetable fields is developed and formulated. The robot platform consists of a main component module, such as a carrier or chassis, which are the main parts for assembling and placing the components and mechanisms on the robot platform. The structure of the carrier or chassis is designed based on the necessary calculations and studies depending on the functions and working conditions. It has 4 wheels mounted on the main body, and each wheel is driven by an electric motor. It is designed to be able to move freely along the path of potatoes and vegetables without damaging the main crop, and to be able to work in different field conditions.

Exploring Potato Extract as a Multifunctional Drug Carrier

ting — 2025-11-13

This study, based on network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques, systematically explores the potential of potato (Solanum tuberosum) extract as a multifunctional drug carrier. By constructing three - dimensional pharmacophore models of glycoalkaloids (such as α - solanine) and polyphenolic compounds, and combining molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and ADME/T prediction, the molecular mechanism of their synergistic effect with anti - cancer drugs is elucidated. The research results show that the active ingredients in potato extract can precisely target key anti - cancer targets such as EGFR, ACHE, TOP2A, and PIK3CA through hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and π - π stacking, and reverse P - gp - mediated multidrug resistance. In addition, the synergistic effect of its cationic properties and the EPR effect enhances tumor targeting, providing theoretical support for the rational design of natural drug carriers.

Digitalization of agriculture: prospects and threats

golovko178 — 2025-11-13

The digital transformation of agriculture offers significant opportunities to enhance productivity, reduce costs, minimize environmental impact, and address the issue of workforce outflow from the industry. However, this process also presents substantial challenges, particularly in the areas of social equity and access to technology. This article examines current trends in the digitalization of agriculture in Russia, including the adoption of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), drones, and industrial robots. The economic benefits of digitalization, supported by case studies from leading agricultural enterprises, are highlighted, while barriers to technology adoption—such as high costs, regional disparities, and a shortage of skilled labor—are analyzed. The article also explores the social implications of digitalization, including increased inequality and job displacement, and provides recommendations for fostering a more inclusive and sustainable digital transformation in the agricultural sector.

THE EFFECT OF NEW MICROBIOLOGICAL FERTILIZERS ARCSOIL NITROGEN AND ARCSOIL PHOSPHORUS ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF POTATO TUBERS

Alexander zevs1947 — 2025-11-13

We studied the effectiveness of two methods of using microbiological preparations Arksoil Nitrogen and Arksoil Phosphorus (treatment of tubers before planting, spraying of vegetative plants at a height of up to 30 cm) in the Novgorod region on sod-podzolic soil (84% of the arable land area). It was found that the use of biofertilizers in technologies made it possible to increase the yield of potato tubers and starch content in them in the Memphis variety by 16 and 20% and 1.8 and 1.6%, in the Columbo variety by 17 and 22% and 0.8 and 1.0% relative to the control, respectively. Potato tubers with a nitrate content in crude products below 108 mg/kg were obtained. The largest yield increase in the cultivation of medium–early potato varieties Memphis and Colombo – 5.5 and 6.1 t/ha in relation to the control was obtained by non-root treatment of plants with biological preparations. In these experimental variants, a high cost recovery of biofertilizers of 13.7 and 14.8 rubles per 1 rub of costs was obtained.

Effect of plant residues and Eisenia fetida earthworms on lettuce productivity

elenakimova — 2025-11-13

Current trends for increased crop production and, consequently, increased volumes of plant residues require studying the possibility of combining organic waste mineralization and obtaining agricultural yield. The aim of the study was to evaluate the productivity of lettuce in microcosms depending on the applied plant residues in the peat substrate and the presence of Eisenia fetida earthworms in microcosms. Experiments were conducted under laboratory-controlled conditions (temperature, moisture, light intensity and photoperiod). Microcosms were containers (2000 ml volume) with peat (800 grams), into which plant residues (7%) were applied, along with initial populations of Eisenia fetida earthworms (twelve psc. per microcosm). Parameters of plant development, lettuce yield, earthworm populations and CO₂ emissions from the substrate surface were assessed in the experiment. It was discovered that applying plant residues such as wheat straw, potato tops and cabbage leaves, as well as E. fetida earthworms into microcosms increased lettuce productivity. Application of plant residues and earthworms simultaneously during lettuce growth did not substantially decrease plant system productivity. Acceleration of plant residue mineralization in the presence of earthworms was observed due to increased CO₂ emissions from substrate surfaces with earthworms. The highest lettuce productivity, an increase in earthworm populations and the production of vermicast were achieved in microcosms with application of potato and cabbage residues in peat substrate.

Methods for Detecting of Forested Overgrown Lands of a Region Using NDVI Data

makarovskikh — 2025-11-13

In recent decades, due to an increase in the average daily air temperature and lack of precipitation, cases of forest fires in Siberia and the Urals have become more frequent. As a result, there is a need to replenish the balance of forest fund lands using operational tools for it. It is also known that agriculture has quite large areas of overgrown land, which is one of the most significant economic and environmental issues. The article considers the intelligent information system "UralGIS-Agro", designed for information and analytical support of the agricultural industry of Chelyabinsk region. Algorithms for searching for overgrown agricultural lands and recognizing areas overgrown with coniferous forests are proposed, based on an analysis of the dynamics of vegetation index changes according to remote sensing data. Based on the results of the module, the areas of overgrown agricultural land were determined, we calculated the benefits for the region if these lands are transferred to the forest fund, as well as we defined the possible costs of restoring these lands for agriculture. The availability of up-to-date information on agricultural lands overgrown with coniferous vegetation will determine the further development of the analytical module "Rational use of overgrown agricultural lands".

Preparation of lake sapropel in cow diets in Novgorod region

lashkova0410t — 2025-11-13

A positive effect of fulvic acid on digestion processes was established, especially in the second group. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and crude fat was higher than the control values. The use of the feed additive in the diet reduced the number of pathologies in the post-calving period, shortened the restoration of reproductive functions by 24 days, and reduced the number of diarrhea cases in newborn calves by 40% relative to the control values. The results of the studies showed that the concentration of the studied metabolic products in the blood of animals was generally within normal values, but there were intergroup differences. Thus, the analysis of the protein index parameters showed that the use of fulvic acid in the diet at a dosage of 25 ml led to a decrease in its indicator below the recommended values, and amounted to 0.84 versus 0.9 in the control and first experimental groups.. A decrease in the AST to ALT ratio in the experimental groups, especially in the first one, can be regarded as a reduction in pathological changes in the liver and the manifestation of the hepatoprotective therapeutic effect of fulvic acid. A study of the experimental data allows us to conclude that the use of fulvic acid in the diets of deeply pregnant cows did not have a critical effect on the composition of the blood serum. The results obtained allow us to recommend fulvic acid for use in the diets of deeply pregnant cows on farms in the North-West region in the amount of 20 ml per head per day. Key words: fulvic acid, pregnant dry cows, diet, post-calving period, blood biochemistry; reproductive functions.

Autonomous System for Monitoring and Managing Cattle Behavior

Kantemir Chamalovich Bzhikhatlov — 2025-11-13

Behavior and health monitoring systems are designed to improve herd manage-ment and animal welfare through data collection and analysis. Such systems al-low for online detection of changes in animal activity and behavior, optimization of feeding systems, management of reproduction procedures, remote monitoring of cattle, and improvement of overall herd management through data-driven an-alytics and AI-based predictive analytics. In this paper, we propose a concept for using an intelligent wearable device on an animal not only to collect data, but also to influence cattle through various effectors. Such influence will allow for the formation of complex conditioned reflexes that ensure animal behavior con-sistent with the state and operating modes of the technical system of the produc-tion environment. In our opinion, this will allow for automated animal training (“intelligent training”) by reinforcing the required behavior, which in turn will allow for setting the most effective behavior (feeding and movement patterns) for the animal to achieve the required economically significant parameters. To test the capabilities of the developed system for monitoring and managing cattle behav-ior, a prototype of a wearable device in the form of a collar for cows was devel-oped and manufactured.

Determination of components and properties of fennel essential oil

jyh103 — 2025-11-13

In this paper, GC-MS and FTIR were used to study the components of fennel essential oil, and it was found that its main component was trans-anisole, and its inhibitory effect on opportunistic microorganisms was explored.

EFFECTS OF EARTHWORMS ON LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY MANURE COMPOSTING AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE: A META-ANALYSIS

yanliphd — 2025-11-13

The rapid accumulation of organic solid waste, particularly livestock and poultry manure, poses significant environmental challenges. As the need for sustainable waste management grows, composting and vermicomposting have emerged as promising biological treatment methods. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the role of earthworms in enhancing the composting of livestock and poultry manure, focusing on both the environmental and economic impacts. By examining numerous studies, the analysis highlights the effectiveness of earthworm-assisted composting (vermicomposting) in accelerating the degradation of organic waste, improving nutrient recovery, and reducing harmful emissions. While the composting and vermicomposting processes contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, the presence of earthworms, coupled with proper management practices such as intermittent aeration and the addition of bulking agents, can mitigate these emissions. The economic viability of livestock and poultry manure composting is also assessed, revealing that while the technology is generally economically feasible, its success is influenced by factors such as the market value of organic fertilizers and system-specific costs. Furthermore, the value of organic fertilizers and the availability of carbon offsets for nutrient recycling are crucial in determining the economic sustainability of these processes. This meta-analysis underscores the importance of integrating earthworms into manure composting as a strategy to improve both environmental sustainability and economic returns.

Investigation of Physical-Mechanical Properties of fertilizers for DEM modeling

azeshko — 2025-11-13

The effective use of solid mineral fertilizers is one of the most urgent tasks of our time and its solution will guarantee the food security of the population. One of the most significant resources for increasing the efficiency of mineral fertilizers is their qualitative distribution over the field surface. Modern machines equipped with centrifugal discs are capable of evenly applying fertilizers, however, the rod-type working bodies are more efficient, which makes it possible to distribute fertilizers with a coefficient of variation not exceeding 7%. The most important advantage of standard machines is their suitability for compensatory fertilization with a change in the application rate not only along the movement of the aggregate, but also along the width of the grip. Another promising way to increase the effective-ness of mineral fertilizers is to apply them in-soil, which minimizes wind drift and reduces nitrogen and phosphorus losses. To improve the quality of fertilizer distri-bution by working bodies, it is necessary to implement experimental and theoreti-cal studies to substantiate the main design and technological parameters of work-ing bodies, taking into account their interaction with the flow of fertilizer particles. Irreplaceable tools for these purposes are software applications of discrete ele-ment modeling. The most important input data affecting the accuracy of calcula-tions is information on the physical-mechanical properties of currently used solid mineral fertilizers. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to study the missing physical and mechanical properties for modeling.

The use of coriander and fennel fruits is usually used to intensify the fattening of bulls.

Konstantin Ostrenko — 2025-11-13

High profitability in animal husbandry can be achieved using modern technologies in feeding, physiology and the rational use of natural resources. Experiments with vegetable essential oils demonstrate the possibility of using natural products, in particular, plant secondary metabolites, to influence the fermentation processes in the rumen by selectively suppressing certain types of microorganisms, while intensively stimulating the immune system of the calves. The aim of the study was to study the effect of feed additives of technically processed coriander and fennel fruits on the digestibility and nitrogen retention of feed. The data obtained in the study showed that the inclusion of a mixture of technologically processed coriander and fennel fruits in various ratios in the technological cycle of fattening improves the growth rates of Holstein bulls. These data indicate that fruits and the essential and fatty oils contained in them affect the effectiveness of feed use. Thus, the weight values of bulls at 7 months of age in the 3rd experimental group (9 g of fennel fruits and 32 g of coriander fruits), the average daily increase was significantly higher by 81.0% (p <0.05), the gross increase by 83.0% (p <0.05) and the increase in body weight was higher by 35.6% (p <0.05), compared with the control group. The highest digestibility of feed nutrients was also observed in the bulls of this experimental group. The bulls of this group outperformed their peers from the control groups in terms of digestibility of dry matter, respectively, by 3.89% (p <0.05), crude protein – by 2.66% (p <0.05), crude fat – by 2.01%, crude fiber – by 4.78% (p <0.05) and nitrogen-free extractives (BEV) – by 2.72% (p <0.05). Thus, the use of technically processed coriander and fennel fruits usually has an effective effect on the main indicators of digestibility and digestibility of feed nutrients, which ensures intensive growth and development.

The potential of mariculture and artificial reproduction of the red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus for the stabilization of biological resources

Darya Borisova — 2025-11-13

Based on the assessment of the natural population of the red king crab, the work on the biotechnology of artificial reproduction of this valuable commercial species is especially important. The paper presents the results of a study of the effect of stocking density and water temperature on the survival of red king crab fry at early stages of development (less than one year). Studies were conducted to assess the survival of yearlings and the rate of weight growth depending on the temperature conditions of maintenance. Three temperature ranges were tested: 1 - between sublethal 15 ° C and lethal 24 ° C; 2 - between sublethal 15 ° C and optimal 8-10 ° C; 3 - optimal from 8 to 10 ° C.

Correlation between physicochemical parameters of milk and risk of bacterial contamination: a case study in Armenia

Astghik Zavenovna Pepoyan — 2025-11-13

Milk is an essential component of human nutrition, and its safety and quality are influenced by its physicochemical parameters, including pH, fat and protein content, lactose concentration, and freezing point. These factors affect microbial stability and the risk of bacterial contamination. This study investigates the correlation between milk composition and microbial contamination risk by analyzing 70 milk samples from Armenian supermarkets. The physicochemical properties of the samples were evaluated using the Lactoscan Milkanalyzer, while microbial composition was determined through classical bacterial enumeration methods and VITEK® 2 compact ID/AST system. The results indicate that lower pH levels (e.g., 6.64–6.67) favor lactic acid bacteria, which may contribute to natural preservation, whereas higher pH levels (e.g., 6.78–6.87) increase susceptibility to spoilage bacteria such as Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. Additionally, higher lactose content correlated with the presence of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, which are considered beneficial. Importantly, no pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes) were detected in any of the samples, confirming the effectiveness of pasteurization and commercial processing. These findings highlight the importance of physicochemical properties in influencing microbial composition and emphasize the need for strict storage conditions to minimize spoilage risks.

The influence of roadside plants on urban ecology and the treatment of lead pollution

andrera0525 — 2025-11-13

Due to the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, lead pollution has become increasingly severe, posing a serious threat to the ecological environment and causing certain harm to human health. The management of lead pollution is also a popular research direction in todays ecological field. Phytoremediation technology, due to its economic efficiency (costs are 15% to 30% of engineering methods), sustainability (carbon footprint reduced by 73%), and ecological friendliness (increase in biodiversity by 58%), has become a core approach for global lead pollution control. Comparative studies between China and Russia show that using a fig tree-biochar composite system in southern China reduces lead leaching risk by 52%, while in the Arctic region of Russia, cold-resistant mycorrhizal willow-wood joint remediation maintains an 89% lead fixation rate even at-30℃, providing a model reference for different climate zones. This paper aims to highlight the important role of roadside plants in urban ecology and their effectiveness in managing urban lead pollution. By reviewing extensive research and analyzing actual cases from multiple countries and regions, it emphasizes that roadside plants are essential components of urban ecological environments and play a crucial role in urban ecological protection. The approach of phytoremediation demonstrates high efficiency, sustainability, economic viability, ecological friendliness, and foresight in addressing lead pollution.

Dynamics of physical properties of agricultural soil contaminated with oil

recchi — 2025-11-13

Transportation of oil and petroleum products, their consumption and discharge into the environment of petroleum wastes lead to pollution and degradation of agricultural soils, contribute to a decrease in their fertility. Oil pollution causes disturbances in the morphological, physical, physico-chemical and biological properties of the soil. The influence of oil on the water-physical properties of agricultural soddy podzolic soil of loamy granulometric composition was investigated in long-term field experiment. Oil pollution caused a decrease in soil moisture and specific density at doses of oil 4 L/m² or more during the first three years after the oil spill. It has been established that in oil-contaminated soils there is a significant increase in the number of soil water-stable aggregates. The increase in the aggregate stability occurs due to a decrease in small fractions (microaggregates and particles) <0.25 mm. The formation of a water-stable structure occurs immediately after soil contamination and is typical for all tested oil doses, including minimal dose (0.7 L/m²). In the coming years, there has been a fragmentation and gradual destruction of the soil water-stable aggregates, but the differences between the control and polluted soils persist until the end of the fifth year of observations.

Use of satellite imagery and UAV to assess weed infesta-tion of soybean crops

Alexey Sergeevich Stepanov — 2025-11-13

Estimating crop heterogeneities, including those caused by weed infestation, is an important task in precision agriculture. Sentinel-2 data from 2022 to 2024 and monthly DJI Mavic 3M imagery from 2024 were used to assess weed infestation in soybean fields in Khabarovsk Krai. Weekly NDVI time series were generated using Fourier series fitting. To identify weed-infested soybean fields, the characteristics of the NDVI seasonal curve were evaluated—specifically, the width of the peak at half (d_1/2) and at three-quarters of the height (d_3/4).

It was found that in Khabarovsk Krai, the average d_1/2 ranged from 119.3 to 128.4 for weed-infested fields and from 81.1 to 92.2 for lightly weed-infested fields. Meanwhile, d_3/4 ranged from 72.6 to 84.2 for weed-infested fields and from 50.1 to 57.8 for lightly infested fields. These differences were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Experimental results from weed-infested soybean plots in Primorsky Krai indicated that NDVI curve peaks were consistent with these specified ranges. Using monthly DJI Mavic 3M imagery of an experimental soybean site in 2024, located in Khabarovsk Krai, it was observed that heterogeneities associated with weed infestation could be identified in late June to early July, prior to crop row-joining. Fitted NDVI time series for the experimental field revealed differences in d_1/2 and d_3/4 between the control and herbicide-treated plots. Further development of this method will focus on the early prediction of NDVI curve parameters and their comparison with lightly weed-infested fields from previous years.

The impact of digitalization on the sustainability of the food supply chain

hapsat1987 — 2025-11-13

In the food supply chain, digitalization at all levels of production and product promotion to the consumer is non-systemic and fragmented. Most of the computer programs, applications, and electronic tools used to account for and control activity parameters are poorly integrated with each other. Digital transformation is most successfully carried out in long supply chains, mainly in retail and product processing, but less actively in the production sector based on large-scale agribusiness operating on an industrial basis. End-to-end integrated digitalization of the value creation process from the field to the end user is at the initial stage of its development. The creation of institutional conditions for the systematic implementation of digital solutions in product supply chains based on the creation of inter-organizational information systems operating on a single digital platform contributes to a significant increase in trust between participants, transparency of economic relations, equivalence of exchange, efficiency and sustainability of the supply chain as an economic system. The study was conducted in order to study the state of the digitalization process of supply chains in the agro-industrial complex, identify problems of interorganizational interaction and cooperation in the supply chain, assess development prospects, and develop measures to stimulate the development of digital technologies. Digitalization contributes to strengthening trust in the supply chain, increasing competitiveness, commercial viability and economic efficiency of the supply chain, and increasing revenue and benefits for participants. As the level of digitalization increases, business connections in the supply chain will become regular, which contributes to increasing the sustainability of food supply chains.

DIGITAL TOOLS IN SOIL HEALTH DIAGNOSTIC AND ORGANIC FARMING: A SUSTAINABLE WAY

papitagourkhede1977 — 2025-11-13

Currently, a lot of attention is being paid to the fight against water blooming. This paper presents a theoretical basis for combating cyanobacteria using laser radiation. The obtained models show that it is possible to carry out effective control of cyanobacteria in reservoirs even of a very large area. Controlling cyanobacteria is achieved by irradiating them with a laser installation located on the basis of USV. It can determine the trajectory of movement along the reservoir and destroy cyanobacteria in the most promising areas of the fight. The analysis of cyanobacteria concentrations and reservoir characteristics is carried out by aerial photography using an UAV, which is an integral part of the complex. The use of laser radiation makes it possible to exclude the use of chemicals to combat algae and thereby eliminate the environmental pollution factor. The paper presents the parameters necessary for calculating the parameters of the UAV flight, as well as a method for finding a way for an USV. It also presents the concept of mapping places with the most intensive rate of reproduction of cyanobacteria. Calculations demonstrate the potential for the destruction of cyanobacteria on an area of 155.52 m² using a 7110 W laser installation with a wavelength of 650 nm.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE RATIONAL PARAMETERS OF THE FRUIT FLOW DIVIDER DURING SORTING

anton-jurin — 2025-11-13

In this work, the experimental substantiation of the main operating parameters of the device for mechanical separation of the fruit flow during their optical sorting by a machine vision system is carried out. To conduct experimental studies, a laboratory setup was created consisting of a machine vision system with a video camera, lens and structural illumination, as well as a computing module. To obtain the regression equation, a symmetrical non-compositional Box-Behnken design was selected. The main objective of the experiment is to obtain a regression equation that will allow us to assess the influence of the influencing factors on the accuracy of separating sorted apples. The speed of the main conveyor, the angle of inclination of the carriage plate and the number of steps of holding the solenoid valve were selected as optimization factors. As a result of experimental studies, a regression equation was obtained for determining the accuracy of separating sorted fruits. Analysis of the response surfaces made it possible to establish the optimal values of the main conveyor speed = 0.41 m / s, the angle of inclination of the carriage plate = 27 degrees. and the number of steps of holding the valve by the solenoid = 93 steps, at which the sorting accuracy is more than 95%.

Determining Average Size and Average Speed of Fish Using Deep Learning Technologies

glebtev96 — 2025-11-13

Aquaculture in modern conditions is one of the priority directions of human economic activity, aimed at rational use of aquatic biological resources and maintenance of ecological balance in freshwater and marine ecosystems, providing reproduction and cultivation of various hydrobionts, including fish, mollusks, crustaceans and algae, under controlled conditions, allowing to regulate both the quality and quantity of raw materials. In recent years, given the significant number of water areas in Russia actively developing fish farms fish farms and biological laboratories for breeding and research of fish. Many tasks in fish production facilities that are performed by staff and are often time-consuming and resource-consuming are effectively handled with the use and development of digital technology. Tasks aimed at analyzing visual information with the help of artificial intelligence technologies and deep learning networks are presented in a wide range of directions. Авторами предложен метод определения размеров и скорости движения рыб с помощью .... The authors have proposed a method for determining the size and speed of fish using ....

Use Of Straw And Destructors In Resource-Saving Technologies Of Organic Farming And Its Influence On The Microbiome And Qualitative Composition Of Humus

licosyl-1licosyl — 2025-11-13

Soil fertility, due to the humus content and organic matter of the soil, plays an important role in maintaining the agrophysical properties of the soil and is determined by the tillage system, the introduction of binary crops and perennial grasses into crop rotations, as well as the use of by-products, cultivated crops. It is known that about 120 million tons of straw are produced in the Russian Federation per year, of which 80% is accounted for by straw from grain and leguminous crops, which has a wide carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, which delays its transformation, creating a nitrogen deficiency in the soil and accumulating phytopathogens and phytotoxins. To accelerate its transformation, both in Russia and abroad, it is proposed to use microbiological preparations containing active strains of cellulose and lignin-destroying bacteria or fungi. Recently, organomineral drugs have appeared on the market that have a complex effect on epiphytic and soil microflora, accelerating the decomposition of straw residues. The effect of these drugs has been little studied. In the laboratory (incubation) experiment, we studied the effect of different doses of winter wheat straw, both separately and with inoculation with Mycotope biologics based on the Trichoderma viridi fungus and the NaturAgro EcoGrow organomineral complex with active silicon, on changes in the microbiome, the direction of the processes of transformation and humification of organic matter, the content of total and labile humus, and the qualitative composition of humic substances. An increase in the number of saprophytic, amylolytic, and oligotrophic microorganisms, as well as protease activity during the introduction of straw, both separately and with its treatment with destructors, has been established. The more effective effect of one straw on the qualitative composition of microorganisms is manifested at a dose of 6 t/ha, and when straw is inoculated with a Mycotope at a dose of 4 t/ha, and from EcoGrow at a dose of 6 t/ha. Active mineralization of organic matter was observed with inoculation of 4 tons of EcoGrow straw and in single-straw variants, while more active nitrogen immobilization was detected in the control. The active transformation of organic matter into humic substances was noted in the variant with the addition of straw of 4 t/ha treated with Mycotope, as well as 6 t/ha of straw treated with EcoGrow. The content of mobile humic acids increases with increasing dose of straw, both alone and when inoculated with its destructors, and the content of mobile fulvic acids is more significant at a dose of straw of 6 t/ha inoculated with EcoGrow. The biopreparation Mycotope had a more significant effect on the degree of decomposition of straw and the formation of humus as a result of the humification of straw in both doses.

The development of the global organic market and the possibility of exporting it from Siberia

sergeewanv78 — 2025-11-13

The article examines and systematizes the indicators characterizing the development of organic farming and the market of organic products in different countries of the world, allowing us to build new trends in the development of export-import relations, including from the Siberian Federal District of the Russian Federation. The research uses monographic, economic-statistical, abstract-logical, and analytical methods. The dynamics of the development of organic agriculture in the countries of the world and the structure of the organic market are revealed, Russia's place in it is determined. The factors hindering the development of the organic products market have been identified. A system of measures has been proposed to promote the export of organic products from Siberia. The research results can be used by government officials, managers and specialists of the agro-industrial complex, researchers and teachers of higher and secondary educational institutions.

Effectiveness Evaluation of Microbiological Preparations for Preserving Ensiled Plant Feeds in a Model Experiment Using Microbiomic and Bioinformatic Tools

filippova — 2025-11-13

Ensiling is the main method of preparing bulk forages for cattle in the conditions of the risk farming zone. This zone includes St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Oblast due to their geographical location and high humidity. To improve the efficiency of enzymatic processes during ensiling, various biopreparations of lactic acid bacteria that consist of one or more strains are used. However, the biotechnological potential of lactic acid bacteria involved in silage fermentation remains insufficiently studied. Thus, the selection of microorganisms for use in silages should always be carried out with all rigor and meet certain criteria. The aim of this study using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics was to assess the efficiency of applying monocultures of lactic acid bacteria strains (Lactobacillus plantarum 50 and Enterococcus faecium 46). We further evaluated combining these strains for the ensiling process in a model laboratory experiment. As a result, it was shown that the greatest stability of microbiome and a high proportion of lactobacilli in the ensiled feeds, the best pH levels and silage quality were achieved using a combination of strains (L. plantarum 50 + E. faecium 46).

THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN INNOVATIONS IN PLANT BREEDING AND CLIMATE CHANGE: TRAILING THEIR MOTTLED RANGE OF IMPRESSIONS UPON EACH OTHER

Dr Mehak Rai Sethi — 2025-11-13

The process of plant breeding and evolving newer varieties of plants requires great skills, efforts, time, and experimentation on the part of the Breeders and, in some instances, even farmers. This process involves the employment of a certain degree of modification, either in the genetic makeup of the plants or in the process of their cultivation. This makes it possible for breeders to effectively combat the elements that lead to the degeneration or deterioration of plants and guarantees that the elements that adversely affect their growth are minimised to the greatest possible extent. The climate of the nations where new plant breeding techniques are used can be observed to have both beneficial and detrimental effects. Plant breeding enhances plant quality, but it may also be considered as occupying a medium ground between the two extremes of climate change. At one end of the continuum, plant breeding has a number of positive implications, like an improved agricultural output and resultantly, a boost in the economies of the nations they are developed in. Additionally, by utilising cutting-edge production techniques, the environment is not overworked throughout the plant-generation process. Albeit, on the other extreme, not all changes it brings about are positive. Some of the negative implications include a rise in chemical production, a decline in biodiversity, and excessive water and land consumption. These aspects merely cover the tip of the iceberg. This paper is, therefore, an attempt to shed light over all the grey areas in the domain of plant breeding and highlight the black as opposed to the white. This is an attempt at familiarizing the readers with all the positive and negative implications that plant breeding has the potential to cast over the climate. The researchers suggest ways in which the plant breeders modify their praxes in ways that can minimize the negative impacts on the environment without compromising the production of new varieties of plants.

Organic gardening

helena — 2025-11-13

Organic gardening is an alternative to intensive production, which is due to the negative consequences for humans and the environment of the use of chemical means of protection, mineral fertilizers, hormones, plant growth regulators, antibiotics. The development of organic production reflects the conscious and careful attitude of the population towards the environment and health. Organic horticulture products can be obtained from wild resources or from industrial horticulture. Forest wild plants are distinguished by a large species diversity and wide distribution in Russia. The biological reserve of wild apple trees is estimated at 174.7 thousand tons. The global export of wild apple products of the Other Apple Juice group is growing, which indicates an increase in the importance of this product for consumers. The article summarizes the experience of introducing industrial organic gardening in Russia, shows the features of technology, advantages and disadvantages, development opportunities in households. Industrial organic gardening technologies use semi-dwarf and medium-sized rootstocks. The method for laying uterine-cutting and industrial plantings is Shown, developed at the Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture. The created scientific and technological potential contributes to the development of organic gardening in different climatic zones of the country.

Stimulation of Carp Spawning Using OVASIS Hormone and Pituitary Extract under Iraqi Conditions

lagutkina_lina — 2025-11-13

The study investigates the efficacy of OVASIS hormone in stimulating reproduction in Cyprinus carpio under controlled conditions in Iraq. The study was conducted at the Al-Suwaira Central Government Fish Hatchery, and included 16 female and 16 male parent fish, divided into four groups (A, B, C, D) that received different hormone treatments. The results showed that the group given a single dose of 100% OVASIS hormone (group D) showed the shortest latency period (14 hours), the highest egg production (1050 grams per female), and fertilization (94%) and hatching (92%) rates, outperforming other groups using pituitary extracts alone or in combination with OVASIS. The study highlights OVASIS hormone as an effective and cost-effective alternative to conventional pituitary extracts, simplifying hormone administration while enhancing reproductive performance. In addition, the study emphasizes the importance of environmental factors such as temperature and water quality in improving the success of induced spawning. By significantly improving reproductive efficiency, OVASIS offers a promising strategy to increase the productivity of fish farms and meet the growing global demand for aquaculture. These findings support the adoption of synthetic hormonal technologies to promote sustainable fish farming, especially in areas facing challenges in natural reproduction. The research concludes that OVASIS not only accelerates sexual maturation but also improves egg quality, making it a viable solution for large-scale aquaculture operations.

Autonomous Navigation of Robotic Platforms in Orchards: Semantic Segmentation and Path Planning

igsmirnov — 2025-11-13

The article is devoted to the development of a method for autonomous navigation of robotic platforms for industrial horticulture using semantic segmentation based on the SegFormer architecture. For training the models, a dataset including 1200 RGB images of orchard rows was used. The data were augmented (rotation ±15°, brightness correction ±15%) to enhance the model's robustness to variations in shooting conditions. Annotation was carried out by marking six classes of objects, including «Track» (motion trajectory) and «Tree» (trees), with class distribution balanced (70/15/15 for training/validation/testing). A comparative analysis of six model variants (B0-B5) was conducted, which revealed the optimal balance between accuracy (SegFormer-B5: Val mIoU = 0,59) and speed (SegFormer-B0: 1,52 FPS). The employed image processing methods (median filtering, spline approximation) ensured the smoothing of the motion trajectory. Practical recommendations based on the study results include the use of SegFormer-B0/B1 for real-time navigation and SegFormer-B4/B5 for mapping tasks. The results of the work confirm the potential of applying SegFormer models in agricultural robotics for autonomous navigation in orchard rows.

The Rise of Digitalization in the Food Busi-ness: Challenges and Opportunities in the Era of Industry 4.0

Prasad Shridharrao Gangakhedkar — 2025-11-13

The food industry is undergoing a significant transformation with the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies. While digitalization has been slow to penetrate this sector, recent investments indicate its growing impact. E-commerce currently accounts for only 2% of total revenue in the food industry, yet automation, artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT) are enhancing efficiency, traceability, and sustainability across the supply chain.Food quality and safety assessments are increasingly relying on advanced digital technologies. Traditional methods are often labor-intensive and inefficient, necessitating innovative approaches such as spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, biosensors, and AI-driven predictive modeling. These advancements enable real-time, non-destructive monitoring, ensuring compliance with stringent food safety regulations while meeting consumer demand for healthier products.Despite challenges such as high costs, data security concerns, and regulatory complexities, digitalization offers significant benefits, including enhanced efficiency, improved food traceability, and waste reduction. Blockchain-based systems, AI-powered risk assessments, and IoT-enabled sensors are crucial for mitigating foodborne illnesses and ensuring consumer protection. Collaborative efforts among governments, industries, and research institutions are essential for seamless adoption. Ultimately, digitalization fosters a more resilient and sustainable global food system, ensuring quality and safety while addressing evolving market demands.

Use of Technical Vision for Automatic Separation of Defective Potato Tubers

Maksim Igorevich Kurylovich — 2025-11-13

The paper describes a mock-up sample of an automatic sorting machine designed to recognize external defects of potato tubers and their automatic inspection by compressed air jet. The basic requirements for vision and automatic inspection systems for the separation of substandard potato tubers are formulated. The recognition process consisted of three main modules: segmentation, tracking of potatoes moving in the frame on the conveyor belt and classification using a trained artificial neural network. For real-time segmentation of potato tubers against the background of a conveyor belt, a method based on color threshold calculation was used. Centroid tracking algorithm was used for tracking moving potato tubers. To train the artificial neural network, a custom dataset consisting of images of marketable and defective potato tubers was created.

Robotic Platform for Autonomous Application of Pesticide

Maksim Igorevich Kurylovich — 2025-11-13

This article presents statistical data, which indicate the problem of labor shortage in agricultural organizations of the Republic of Belarus. The problem of detrimental impact of pesticides on operators directly working with chemical crop protection agents is considered. The authors propose a strategy for the introduction of robotic platforms for pesticide application in autonomous mode, which helps to solve both these problems. The impact of the introduction of precision farming technologies on attracting young specialists to work in the agro-industrial complex has been studied. The use of robotic equipment for application of chemical plant protection agents in autonomous mode will allow to exclude or minimize the contact of agro-industrial complex worker with harmful compounds. The article summarizes the results of the development of a prototype of a robotic platform for the application of pesticides in autonomous mode. The technical characteristics of the prototype of the robotic platform are presented. The results of investigation of the influence of technical parameters of the mobile robotic system on its operational characteristics are presented. The structural scheme of the control system of the robotic platform is developed.

Digital and Artificial Inteligence Marketing in the Food Industry

aleksandrafigurek — 2025-11-13

The digital transformation, which has been hastened by the growing usage of artificial intelligence (AI), is having a significant impact on the upcoming era of corporate business developments. The next priorities for digitalisation adoption result from the tasks the food industry needs accomplish: - the food industry's management system as a whole should be concentrated on speeding up its digital transformation to enhance producers' economic sustainability and social growth, The development and implementation of the nation's food strategy, the recruitment of sector unions, organisations for collaboration and tracking their own to engage independently in the field of digitisation, the provision of skilled IT workers to the industrial complex, the integration of modern information technologies into the public administration of the agricultural sector, and the improvement of divisional control over the sector's informatisation procedures.

The paper's objective is to outline the evolution of consumer-focused, AI-related strategic marketing elements in the Cypriot food sector. The focus was on the following research goals: identifying suitable artificial intelligence tools and consumer-focused digital technology for the Cypriot food industry; creation of the best possible consumer-focused digital marketing plan for the food sector in Cyprus; analysis of the methods used to collect data related to consumer-oriented marketing, both internally and outside; combining artificial intelligence and digital performance metrics and offering suggestions for the Cypriot food industry.

Organic Food and Farming: Regulations, Challenges and Market Evolution in India and Worldwide

Rahul Eknath Kamble — 2025-11-13

With root causes ranging from environmental sustainability to food safety to consumer health, organic farming has become a proven alternative to conventional agricultural practices. The study focusses to give a brief overview of organic agriculture at a glance, a historical perspective, regulatory and market forces, and challenges in adoption, with focus on Indian and International markets. It also sheds light on the Green Revolution's contribution to contemporary agricultural practices as well as the growing global organic farming movement in the context of soil degradation, biodiversity reduction and health concerns related to chemical agricultural practices. It eventually addresses regulatory stakeholders in India, such as the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) and Participatory Guarantee System (PGS-India), and relevant international certifications like USDA Organic, EU Organic, and IFOAM-accredited certifications. Although Organic India holds tremendous potential for export but local policy gaps have reduced this potential. An international comparative analysis recommends measures such as strengthening financial support mechanisms, streamlining various certification processes, and improving consumer awareness to reinforce the growth of this sector. Given the higher GDP per capita in developed countries, promoting organic agriculture through inclusion in national policy planning and execution of supply chains (and further separated from traditional scientifically researched agriculture) can potentially strengthen food security, support environmentally sustainable agricultural growth, and most importantly, provide India with an upper hand as a leading player in the international organic produce market.

Efficiency of biological preparations against a complex of winter wheat fungal diseases

kremneva1981 — 2025-11-13

Traditional chemical methods of combating wheat pathogens have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, alternative methods of plant protection are needed, for example, the use of environmentally friendly biopreparations based on microorganisms. The purpose of this research was to study the biological effectiveness of microorganism-based fungicides against a complex of fungal diseases on winter wheat. The studies were conducted in 2023-2024 in the experimental fields of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center оf Biological Plant Protection" (FSBSI FSCBPР), on winter wheat varieties Alekseich and GROM. The studies showed sufficient effectiveness of biological fungicides against a complex of foliar diseases on winter wheat. The effectiveness of the preparations against powdery mildew was from 45% for Orgamika F to 64% for Pseudobacterin-3 and Sistemika M. The most effective preparation against septoria leaf spot was Orgamika F (60%), the effectiveness of Pseudobacterin-3 and Orgamika С was 40 and 47%, respectively. The preparations showed sufficient effectiveness against the causative agent of yellow spot (Tan spopt): Orgamika F up to 74%, Pseudobacterin-3 up to 66%, Sistemika M up to 64%, Orgamika S up to 56%. Against brown rust, the best effectiveness was shown for Sistemika M - up to 56% and Orgamika F up to 49.7%. As a result of using the preparations, an increase in yield was noted for all variants: from 2.9% (for Orgamika С) to 9.3% (for Orgamika F). Thus, the preparations Pseudobacterin-3, Orgamika С, Sistemika M, Orgamika F are sufficiently effective against a complex of foliar diseases when applied 3 times on winter wheat crops

Regional Features and Problems of Digital Transformation of Production in Russia

Петр Борисович Акмаров — 2025-11-13

The article considers regional and industry-specific features of digital transfor-mation of production in modern Russia. It shows trends in increasing inter-industry and interregional gaps in the level of innovative development, which are caused by the specifics of industries and differentiation of regions by the level of state support. In particular, the digital transformation of agriculture is significantly lagging behind other industries. The existing trends lead to the accelerated devel-opment of infrastructure and living standards of the population of individual re-gions, while the development of most other regions lags behind. Lagging regions become less attractive for people to live in, and there is a negative migration of the population towards the territories of advanced development. The main rea-sons causing different levels of digital transformation of production are shown, among which the most important are the historical features of territorial devel-opment and industry specifics of production. Each industry has specific areas of digital transformation and technologies that ensure effective development of production. Measures are proposed to equalize territorial development based on deepening the digitalization of production as the main factor in increasing its effi-ciency and, as a result, increasing the socio-economic level of development of the region.

A Multi-Agent Agricultural Robot System for Precision Crop Monitoring

Evgenii Mitrofanov — 2025-11-13

This paper focuses on automating crop production by proposing an integrated robotic based system for collecting and analyzing data from agro-industrial fields. The system comprises a robot, a computer or tablet application for managing the robots and viewing analytical information, and a server equipped with advanced artificial intelligence models for in-depth analysis of data received from the robots, facilitating the generation of agronomic recommendations. This work aims to create a comprehensive system that automatically collects data using modern sensors, processes it, and analyzes it in real time. The prototype is being developed taking into account its further use in agricultural fields before sowing, with potato or wheat crops. The paper details the robot’s structural features, its components, and the technical solutions employed during development. A 3D model of robot construction with deformation properties was developed. It also presents the software architecture that unifies the entire system into a cohesive operational mechanism, addressing various aspects, including safety considerations. In addition, the general robot work pipeline was proposed.

ORGANIC WASTE ASSESSMENT FOR LAND FERTILITY IMPROVEMENT USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Yulia Vladimirovna Cheprunova — 2025-11-13

Soil fertility can be improved by applying organic wastes taking into account their chemical composition, sanitary and bacteriological characteristics, and environmental impact.

A decision support information technology «Recultivant» was developed to evaluate organic wastes and their suitability for improving soil quality. It was created in the Visual Studio integrated development environment using the Python programming language.

Based on the results of assessment of sewage sludge from the city of Barnaul and litter of caged chickens received from JSC «Molodezhnaya Poultry Farm», the ITPPD «Recultivant» formulated a recommendation on their use as organic fertilizer and recultivant of degraded and unproductive soils without additional preparation.

Consideration of NON-factors in complex models of agricultural production

aleksandr9669w — 2025-11-13

Using a specific example of solving the problem of creating and using an integrated planning model for the functioning of a difficult-to-formalize agricultural process for harvesting grass feed, an analysis of the causes of the manifestation of a range of NON-factors that significantly affect the sustainability of the feed production process under consideration has been carried out. The combination of an operational-calendar logical-dynamic model represented by a system of differential equations with fuzzy-probability models describing volume-resource planning and synthesized on the basis of expert knowledge for predicting yield and quality of grasses allows solving a large-scale multiparametric problem of the theory of schedules for individual stages of harvesting grasses for silage. The following NON-factors are recorded in the modeling: uncertainty, fuzziness, underdeterminacy, inaccuracy, etc. At the level of the general description of the complex model, the following properties were additionally highlighted and formally described: incorrectness, inaccuracy, inadequacy of the model and ambiguity of interpretation of modeling results. In the field of artificial intelligence, the modeling of NON-factors is of paramount importance. This is due to the fact that intelligent technologies are aimed at solving creative problems in conditions of significant uncertainty, incompleteness, inaccuracy, and fuzziness of the source data and the relationships between them when modeling complex objects in various subject areas. Such objects are fairly classified as difficult to formalize and poorly structured. It is shown and justified that the use of fuzzy-probabilistic and logical-dynamic approaches makes it possible to successfully identify, recognize the causes of manifestation and overcome the negative impact of most NON-factors, which significantly improves the quality of modeling difficult-to-formalize agricultural production in general and operational and calendar planning of grass harvesting processes for silage in particular.

Pathogenic and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Bacterial Strains in Bovine Mastitis: Insights from the Stepanavan Region of Armenia

Astghik Zavenovna Pepoyan — 2025-11-13

Mastitis is a major concern in the dairy industry, impacting milk quality and economic stability. This study investigates the bacterial composition and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of raw milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis in the Stepanavan region of Armenia. Raw milk samples were collected from three local farms and analyzed microbiologically to identify pathogenic bacteria and assess their resistance to common antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The most prevalent bacterial strains identified include Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pantoea agglomerans. The results reveal significant antimicrobial resistance, with strains showing resistance to Cephalosporin, Amoxicillin, Doxycycline, Erythromycin, and Tetracycline. The study highlights the complex nature of AMR in Armenian dairy farming, particularly in Lori province, and underscores the urgent need for improved diagnostic and management strategies to address both mastitis and AMR. Additionally, the role of biofilm formation and hemolytic activity in the pathogenicity and resistance mechanisms of mastitis-causing bacteria is discussed. This research provides valuable insights into the microbiological landscape of subclinical mastitis and AMR in Armenia, offering recommendations for future research and disease control strategies to mitigate the risks associated with antimicrobial resistance in dairy farming.

OPTIMIZATION OF FARM REVENUE TO MITIGATE GLOBAL FOOD INSECURITY DYNAMICS

Pratyush Kumari Rath — 2025-11-13

This review assesses the relationship between agriculture, farmers’ income, world hunger and food security concerns in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. It is known that agriculture plays a vital role in fighting against hunger as well as increasing food safety. Farm income is an important factor towards enhancing sustainability and improving food security among rural people. This paper seeks to demonstrate an interrelationship between hunger, agricultural resources and food security by evaluating three major indicators: the Global Hunger Index, the Sustainability Index and the Food Security Index which are instrumental in sustainable development of mankind. Farm income enhancement has been stressed as one of the key components for building resilient food systems and environmentally sustainable agricultural systems that practice enabling access to safe and nutritious food. It is said that sound policies facilitating market opportunities, improved technology and sustainable agriculture can resolve economic, environmental and hunger issues. And this balanced view is in compliance with the SDGs 2 (End Hunger) and 12 (Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns), thus providing proposals for food security in a climatically and economically challenged available environment.

Feed Wheat Yield Multifactorial Forecasting

Valerii Vyacheslavovich Zakharov — 2025-11-13

The paper proposes a transition from reactive states monitoring of complex agrobiotechnical objects (CABO) to proactive monitoring. It involves either preventive assessment of CABO states (with predetermined monitoring intervals) or predictive (continuous) assessment, analysis, diagnostics, and anticipatory multivariate forecasting. The goal is to detect, localize, and prevent unexpected disruptions in the vital functions of agrobiological and technical elements and subsystems of CABO due to diseases (for agrobiological objects), failures, and malfunctions (for technical objects). A key component of both proactive control and CABO state monitoring is multivariate forecasting, considering inherent delays in the feedback loops of proactive monitoring and control systems. The paper introduces a new concept of multifactorial multi-model adaptive forecasting of CABO state parameters. This concept assumes: first, unification of monitoring information heterogeneous in acquisition methods and presentation; second, application of a multi-model approach to constructing a combined multifactorial model for forecasting CABO state indicators; third, adaptability of the multi-model complex structure for multifactorial adaptive forecasting to the quantity and quality of initial monitoring data and forecasted processes properties. An example of implementing the concept in forecasting fodder wheat yield is provided.

Real-time Fish Detection and Counting with YOLOv11

Andrey Leonidovich Ronzhin — 2025-11-13

As the population grows, so does the demand for protein and fish resources. The fishing industry faces the challenge of striking a balance between environmental protection and meeting the demand for food through fish products. Industrial aquaculture technologies, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics, address this issue. While traditional methods rely primarily on manual labor, the integration of real-time fish detection and counting technologies demonstrates promising practical results. This article analyzes a fish detection and counting system based on the YOLOv11 model, distinguished by its ability to recognize and localize fish in complex aquatic environments. On the Deepfish dataset with a single fish class, the model achieved 96.4% mAP50, 93.2% precision, and 90.3% recall. The system not only delivers high accuracy in real-world conditions but also processes data in real time, effectively supporting the monitoring and management of fish resources. These findings highlight the potential of applying AI technologies in the fishing industry, laying the groundwork for future intelligent solutions. Due to its scalability, the YOLOv11 model can be further optimized to meet the growing needs of the industry and scientific research.

A review of research papers on the evaluation of living lab methodology in the context of sustainable agriculture

Natalia Andreevna tsatsenko_2025 — 2025-11-13

Living Lab (LL) is one of the important innovation options to tackle a set of agricultural challenges in the nearest future, such as reduction of pesticide application, environmental pollution, soil erosion, reduction of water contamination, mitigation of the impact of climate change on agricultural landscapes, the adaptation of agricultural ecosystems to climate change, maintaining and increasing the biodiversity in the landscape, and securing nutritious food. It is expected that benefits from effective Living Labs can bring diversity of innovation and enhance knowledge exchange. The number of living lab projects related to agricultural systems has smoothly grown across world. Living lab is connected to multistakeholder participation, collaborative design practices, and iterative process of activities and experimentation in the real-life context. The research of living lab is “in the development” stage. There is still a gap in measuring the effectiveness and expanding best practices. There is a great demand to generalized knowledge about LL in agriculture, especially LL methodology. This article highlights the current stage of LL research by conducting the literature review. This article fills the gap about the consolidation of existing knowledge from the existing publication related to LL methodology and the evaluation of LL projects.

A Comparative Study of YOLO Architectures for Poles Detection on Agricultural Land UAVs Images

Marina Astapova — 2025-11-13

Using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in modern agriculture faces with the problem of overcoming obstacles. One of the most widespread type of these obstacles on the agricultural land is powerlines and aerial communication lines, which are crucial for agriculture itself as well as for other economic activities, and thus could not be removed from the agricultural lands. The initial subtask in overcoming poles is detection of such objects. Recent neural network detection architectures such as YOLO has shown promising results in general object detection task, however, the results of comparative studies of YOLO architectures in a specific task of poles detection are not presented in scientific literature. In this work, we present results of comparative study of a set of YOLO architectures performance on a custom dataset of powerlines and aerial communication lines poles on the agricultural land obtained using UAV. The dataset consists of 3508 images with 1691 wooden poles and 1750 concrete poles. We consider five recent YOLO architectures from v8 to v12. Comparative analysis of the considering architectures has shown that YOLOv11 achieved the best performance in average according to recall (0.765), precision (0.798), mAP@50 (0.809) and mAP@50-90 (0.484) metrics. This results along with the least required computational resources (6.5 GFLOPS) makes YOLOv11 the most appropriate architecture for poles detection on the agricultural land.

Study of the correlation between the level of spore infestation and the development of fungal leaf diseases in winter wheat crops

Ксения Гасиян — 2025-11-13

Wheat is the most important and most widespread agricultural crop in the world. Leaf diseases caused by fungal pathogens annually lead to a decrease in wheat yield by 15-20%, and in epiphytotic years by 40-70%. Traditional monitoring based on visual assessment of the development and spread of diseases of agricultural crops requires a lot of time and labor and is not always highly accurate due to the large areas of production. The use of technical means and information programs into agriculture will significantly speed up the process of forecasting and developing protective measures. Using data on the number of phytopathogen spores in crops as a threshold value for preventive treatments with fungicides will help solve this problem. With early detection of infection in small quantities, it is possible to use biological fungicides that can suppress the development of diseases and preserve the environment. The aim of the research is to determine the correlation between the level of spore infestation and the development of fungal leaf diseases in winter wheat crops. The studies were conducted at the field station of the FSBSI Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection, Krasnodar, in 2024. To study the species composition and concentration of phytopathogenic fungi spores, a device for determining the spore content of plants was used. As a result, correlation between the number of spores detected and the development of diseases in wheat crops was reliably demonstrated. In the future, the data obtained will form the basis for a new precision method of phytosanitary monitoring of wheat leaf diseases, which will allow diagnosing the presence of infection in crops before the initial manifestation of diseases or minimal development of pathogens and conducting timely treatments with fungicides.

Agricultural Field Coverage with a Group of Mobile Robots Considering a Soil Compaction Risk and Energy Efficiency

Ramil Faizullin — 2025-11-13

This article considers a dual problem of optimizing field coverage while minimizing a soil compaction and managing energy constraints of agricultural robots. The soil compaction in precision agriculture is a major challenge, as mobile robots are becoming increasingly common in field operations. A proposed optimization combines a soil compaction risk assessment with energy-efficient trajectory planning for a fleet of mobile agricultural robots. The algorithm uses a grid representation of a field, where each cell is assigned a compaction risk value using a function, which allows to cluster cells into zones with similar characteristics of the soil compaction risk. Within these zones, maximum permissible velocities of agricultural robots are determined. The Boustrophedon algorithm generates optimal coverage paths for each zone to minimize turns and ensure complete coverage. A fitness function balances multiple objectives, including soil impact, a path length, and energy constraints. To eliminate energy constraints, a genetic algorithm is used that simultaneously optimizes a placement of static charging stations and a distribution of cover paths among a tractors’ fleet. The system balances soil conservation and requirements by adapting a robot velocity to each zone. The computational experiments for various types and sizes of agricultural fields demonstrated effectiveness of the proposed approach.

TOWARD FINDING METHODS FOR IDENTIFYING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DEFECTS IN POTATO TUBERS

alexandr-vorobei — 2025-11-13

The article is devoted to the relevance of developing a means of universal automatic sorting of potato tubers by external and internal defects, in particular, its main element - an optoelectronic system. Studies have shown that for sorting potato tubers it is important not only to determine their size, but also the presence of defects. The existing machines do not implement the above functions, which requires additional labor, reduces productivity and quality. The classification of quality recognition systems is given and the technological scheme of the optoelectronic system consisting of an optical module and a video camera, a control unit and a conveyor is justified. In the course of research, the two-flow type of potato flow with forced rotation and the design and technological scheme of the machine are justified. The software is developed on the basis of segmentation and tracking algorithms, as well as training of a neural network that recognizes defects of potato tubers (external and internal).

System Design Methodology and Preliminary Design of a Robotic Service System for Agricultural Drones

Mikhail Kuzmenkov — 2025-11-13

This paper introduces the development of a robotic service system for a fleet of agricultural drones. "Service" implies automatic refilling of spray tanks and battery charging. The system consists of a ground station, a group of drones, and an external control panel, designed as a unified automated complex capable of performing the following functions. The ground station is designed for storage, transportation of drones in a special compartment, and automatic delivery of drones from this compartment to the landing platform located above the station. A payload module with a tank filled with spray mixture and integrated charged battery is automatically docked to the drone. The equipped drone departs on a spraying mission, while another drone is delivered from the compartment to the platform. Flights are performed in a fully automatic mode. Upon mission completion, the drone automatically lands on the platform, where a robotic manipulator removes the used module and replaces it with a newly equipped one. Preparation of spray solution (mixture), filling payload modules with it, and battery charging are performed automatically onboard the ground station. External control of the system is carried out by an operator from a control panel and is reduced to inputting initial data for generating flight tasks for the drone fleet, building and monitoring the technological process: flight schedule, mission execution by drones, and monitoring the technical condition of all subsystems. In case of emergency situations and collisions, automatic response options are provided, as well as operator involvement in the decision-making process. An express analysis of the automated service conveyor for the drone fleet has been performed, the results of which suggest a significant increase in the efficiency of aerial treatment of agricultural land compared to traditional manual methods of drone servicing and control.

Holistic Digital Human Models in Gazebo: A Case Study on Agricultural Workflows

Timur Gamberov — 2025-11-13

The agricultural sector is undergoing digital transformation due to modern automation, robotics, sensory, and simulation technologies. This research explores a digital human models (DHMs) usage in the Gazebo virtual environment to enhance agricultural workflows, human-robot interaction, and safety. We propose a framework to simulate typical agricultural scenarios, such as field mapping, harvesting efficiency control, crop inspection, obstacle avoidance, and theft detection. Farm workers’ DHMs model interactions with mobile autonomous systems, stationary sensors and sensory networks. The DHMs are supplied with generic and task-specific animations; the latter include such activities as crop harvesting or field inspection. The simulation environment features agricultural settings with dynamic obstacles and predefined work zones. Assessment metrics, such as task completion time or an obstacle avoidance rate, allow measuring performance of each scenario. Results of preliminary simulation of the proposed simplified scenarios in the Gazebo simulator demonstrated a high potential of DHMs and Gazebo to optimize agricultural workflows and improve human-robot interaction. This research provides a foundation for using simulation technologies to address real-world agricultural issues.

Estimation of Crop Evapotranspiration for Groundnut Crop in Semiarid Region of Maharashtra, India

Vishal Keshaorao Ingle — 2025-11-13

Efficient irrigation water management, driven by precise estimation of crop water requirements, is pivotal for ensuring food security. Water, a critical input for agricultural production globally, significantly influences crop yield. Despite its importance, locally available data on crop water requirements for field crops in the Marathwada region is lacking. This investigation focuses on quantifying the crop water requirement of crops in Marathwada by calculating crop evapotranspiration based on established crop coefficients and reference evapotranspiration. Over a 31-year period (1990 to 2021), daily weather data for eight districts in Marathwada was collected to determine reference evapotranspiration using DSS-ET software. The analysis reveals a specific pattern in the daily evapotranspiration of groundnut across all districts. During the initial growth stage (5^th to 9^th crop week), there is a consistent, albeit slight, demand for water. Subsequently, water requirements gradually increase from the mid-season (9^th to 13^th crop week) to the seasonal stage (16^thto 20^th crop week). Jalna District stands out with the highest crop evapotranspiration at 7.32 mm/day. The highest water requirement for groundnut is observed in Jalna (1038 mm), followed by Hingoli (1020 mm), Parbhani (1007 mm), Nanded (1004 mm), Sambhajinagar (999 mm), Beed (974 mm), and Latur (940 mm), while Dharashiv requires the least water (961 mm) due to its lower temperatures. Spatially, crop evapotranspiration (ETc) for groundnut exhibits regional variations among the eight districts. The southwest and some parts of the southern east of Marathwada have higher ETc, while the northern west regions exhibit lower ETc values. A comprehensive analysis of meteorological data across seven districts using the Mann-Kendall trend test indicates a statistically significant and consistent increasing trend in groundnut meteorological conditions. This promising shift towards more favorable conditions for groundnut cultivation offers valuable insights for farmers and developmental agencies to optimize irrigation water management. Farmers in the Marathwada region can use this data as a guide to determine the appropriate amount and frequency of irrigation for their crops, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices and enhancing food security. The study's findings underscore a positive trajectory in meteorological conditions for groundnut cultivation in Marathwada, emphasizing the importance of adapting agricultural practices to changing climate dynamics for long-term sustainability.

Influence of the feed additive "Profort" on the rumen microbiome of black-pied holstein cows

filippova — 2025-11-13

The use of additives in the diet, including those based on probiotic preparations, helps to improve digestion processes, normalize the balance of microflora, metabolism and increase animal productivity. The aim of this work was to analyze the rumen microbiome of Black-and-White Holstein cows using the enzyme-probiotic feed additive "Profort". The cows of the experimental group were fed 30.0 g of probiotic three times a day for 15 days, with a break of 15 days. As a result, at the end of the experiment, in the experimental group, at the family level, significant reliable differences were found in the representation of representatives of cellulolytic bacteria taxa: Oscillospiraceae, SR 1, Flavobacteriaceae and Weeksellacea, as well as taxa of lactate -fermenting bacteria. Thus, the use of the feed additive "Profort" in the diet of highly productive lactating cows helps to increase the concentration of beneficial microorganisms (cellulolytic, lactate -utilizing) in the rumen, fermenting the intermediate products of the breakdown of feed components to form volatile fatty acids necessary for the synthesis of milk components.

Methodology for assessing the quality of multispectral space imaging data in landscape element monitoring

Viacheslav Alekseevich Zelentsov — 2025-11-13

To determine the types and current condition of agricultural fields, methods of automated processing of multispectral space imagery are increasingly being used. One of the most relevant tasks is semantic segmentation of landscape elements within the studied scene based on machine learning algorithms. Various algorithms can be used to solve this task, but the problem of evaluating the quality of processing results performed by a specific method remains open. This paper discusses the indicators that characterize the quality of results of imagery data thematic processing when monitoring the condition of agricultural fields, using fields designated for forage preparation as an example. The methodology for assessing the quality of processed multispectral space imagery data is presented. A list and numerical values of basic quality indicators for identifying the condition of agricultural fields, considering ground survey data and hyperparameter values in machine learning algorithms, are provided. Generalized quality indicators for processing results are proposed. The role of a well-founded choice of initial data for evaluating the quality of processed imagery results is highlighted. The mathematical apparatus of fuzzy clustering is applied when forming the initial data, and the degree of membership of landscape elements to a selected cluster is taken into account when refining the initial data. The presented methodology can also be applied to determining the types and forecasting the yield of agricultural crops, detecting diseases, and solving other agricultural production tasks.

Spraying Agricultural Crops with a Quadcopter

Dmitry Pirozhkov — 2025-11-13

The aim of this study is to investigate the technology of applying liquid preparations to crops using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Spring wheat were treated using an XAG P100 quadcopter. The following factors were evaluated: flight height, flight speed, droplet size, application rate, and operating width. Spraying effectiveness was assessed using the area of wheat leaf surface covered with the solution, measured with DropSight® technology. A coloring agent that fluoresces under ultraviolet light was added to the water solution. The leaves of the plants, after the flight of the quadcopter were covered in a solution. They were collected and placed in a special chamber with an ultraviolet lamp. Using special software, the area covered by the solution was measured as a percentage of the total leaf area. Based on the results of the experiment, a regression equation was created to assess the significance of different factors. The two most significant factors were the dose of the drug and the distance from the flight path axis to the sampling point. These factors had the greatest impact on the uniformity of solution distribution over the leaf.

A method for task allocation among heterogeneous group robots for automated operation of a fruit orchard

Aleksandr Sergeevich Shirokov — 2025-11-13

The paper deals with the automated maintenance of a fruit orchard using a heterogeneous group of robots including ground robots and unmanned aerial vehicles. A method of task distribution between robots is proposed, taking into account climatic and time constraints, orchard topology, robot parameters and priorities of operations. It describes the division of the cycle into a sequence of time intervals, each of which takes into account the type of technology used and required to perform the planned tasks. Monitoring, irrigation, fertilizer application with their priorities for each fruit-tree in the orchard are considered as tasks. The formation of a route network is proposed, as well as the search for a rational scenario of mission fulfillment on the investigated time interval using heuristic and meta-heuristic algorithms. Constraints that take into account the autonomy of the robots, the duration of the interval, the number of consecutive flights/moves, etc. are considered. Adjustment of tasks at time intervals is presented, taking into account unresolved tasks at previous time intervals. The developed method allows optimizing the use of resources and increasing the efficiency of automated plant care.

Research on the Application of Multispectral Remote Sensing Technology Based on NDVI and NDRE with Case Analysis of Precision Nitrogen Management in Drip-Irrigated Winter Wheat

sujian36 — 2025-11-13

This study presents a precision fertilization management method based on monitoring vegetation indices (NDVI and NDRE). By integrating canopy spectral data with quantitative relationships between fertilization rates and crop yield, the approach provides scientific fertilization recommendations for different growth stages. Case analysis demonstrates significant positive correlations between NDVI/NDRE values and nitrogen application rates in drip-irrigated winter wheat. Specifically, NDVI exhibits stronger linear relationships with nitrogen levels during the recovering and flowering stages, while NDRE shows superior performance from jointing to milking stages (jointing, booting, grain-filling, and milking). Both indices effectively diagnose crop nitrogen status, optimize fertilization amounts, reduce waste, and enhance yield. Furthermore, this method is adaptable to other crops (e.g., corn, soybeans) and can be implemented at scale using UAV-mounted multispectral cameras, offering robust technical support for precision agriculture.

Theoretical Background for the Development of Organic Crop Production Technologies

aperekopskiy — 2025-11-13

Adaptive organic production technologies are developed and introduced within integrated farming systems with a good scientific basis. The intensity of such technologies depends on the materials and machinery on which the technology operates and the resources available to the technology user. For a uniform assessment of the intensity of these technologies, they are classified into three categories: traditional, normal and intensive. The design of technologies for the organic production of crop products must comply with the requirements of legislative and regulatory documents, be aimed at ensuring a favorable state of the environment and reducing negative environmental effects on it, preserve human health and ensure the preservation and restoration of soil fertility. High-tech agricultural technologies using the latest technical means and the modern level of scientific and technological development, well-founded scientific principles and scientific and methodological foundations should serve as a tool for this. This will make it possible to combine advanced scientific developments and modern technical solutions to achieve the maximum biological potential of plants in obtaining high yields of cultivated plants with minimal negative impact on the environment. This is a complex innovative procedure. It uses an interdisciplinary approach that requires the accumulation and synthesis of numerous knowledge areas forming specific requirements for technological processes and individual production units.

Organic Production as a Competitive Advantage of Rural Development

helena — 2025-11-13

Abstract Achieving and maintaining competitive advantages are one of the goals of economic development. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to form and maintain competitive advantages at different levels (organization, territory, and region), including through the production of products with special quality. This research explores the theoretical foundations for creating competitive advantages in rural areas by developing organic production. Organic agriculture is a contemporary global trend. The research discusses the peculiarities of organic production and defines competitive advantages for products and rural areas. Analyzing the characteristics of the production of organic products revealed how these factors contribute to creating competitive advantages in rural areas. The authors organized the competitive advantages of rural areas using the criteria of the “rhombus of competitive advantages” by M. Porter. The identified competitive advantages of rural areas associated with the development of organic production can become the basis for making strategic decisions aimed at the socio-economic development of rural areas.

Application of the preparations "Azofit N" and "Azofit P" with mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of spring wheat in the steppe zone of Altai Krai

Unknown — 2025-11-13

The article presents the results of a field experiment to study the effect of using agricultural biologicals “Azofit N” and “Azofit P” against the background of different rates of application of mineral fertilizers in field fertility zones and their aftereffect on the yield of spring wheat and economic efficiency. The experiment was laid down on the APC "Kolos" in the Romanovsky district of the steppe zone of Altai Krai in 2023 at three levels of fertilizer doses (85%, 70% and 50% of the control) in three field fertility zones (low, medium and high). The control one was the farm technology variant with the basic dose of mineral nutrition (100%) without the use of biopreparations. Field productivity zones were identified based on the “Cropio” digital platform. In 2024, the aftereffect of using the 2023’ experimental variants were studied by observing crops on the same basic sites, but without biopreparations and with the same dose of mineral nutrition. Based on the results of the experiments, the biological yield of spring wheat and the economic efficiency of the experimental variants were assessed over two years of observations.

Цифровой анализ гистологических изображений с целью количественной характеризации бокаловидных клеток кишечника стерляди (Acipenser ruthenus) для оценки состояния пищеварительного тракта

mirvar — 2025-11-13

Цифровой анализ гистологических изображений критически важен для биомедицины, но его применение в аквакультуре ограничено морфологической вариабельностью. Работа представляет новый подход для количественного анализа бокаловидных клеток (БК) в кишечнике на примере стерляди (Acipenser ruthenus). PAS-окрашенные срезы переднего, среднего отделов и спирального клапана анализировали с использованием программ Fiji ImageJ2 и QuPath. Протокол включал нормализацию, деконволюцию цветов для выделения PAS-позитивного компонента, сегментацию бокаловидных клеток и последующий расчет интегральной оптической плотности (IOD), а также измерение морфометрических параметров: площади, плотности и расстояния до ближайшего соседа (NND). Полученные данные продемонстрировали значимые различия между участками кишечника: средний отдел имел наибольшую площадь БК (85 мкм²) и IOD (0,166); спиральный клапан – максимальную плотность (4,59 кл/100 мкм слизистой). В переднем отделе плотность БК была минимальной (2,48 кл/100 мкм), а NND – максимальным (29,59 мкм). Корреляция между площадью БК и IOD оказалась слабой (R² = 0,014-0,042). Идентифицированы три типа БК по показателю IOD, что указывает на их морфофункциональную гетерогенность. Предложенный метод обеспечивает объективную оценку характеристик БК и может быть использован для изучения физиологии пищеварения и здоровья рыб в аквакультуре.

Раннее обнаружение опасной токсичности биологически очищенных сточных вод с использованием биоэлектронной системы непрерывного анализа кардиоактивности речных раков

mirvar — 2025-11-13

На примере биологически очищенных сточных вод (ОСВ) Юго-Западных очистных сооружений (ЮЗОС) г. С.-Петербурга было проведено длительное (30 суток) исследование вариабельности характеристик (маркеров) кардиоактивности у группы пресноводных раков вида Pontastacus leptodactylus, используемых в качестве биоиндикаторов качества биологической очистки бытовых сточных вод. При сравнении значений частоты сердечных сокращений (ЧСС) у раков в состоянии покоя (ЧССп), в состоянии спонтанной ночной активности (ЧССн) и в вызванном, так называемом, «хэндлингом» состоянии максимального стресса (ЧССс) у одной и той же представительной группы раков до и после длительного воздействия ОСВ, было подтверждено сохранение хорошего функционального состояние раков, необходимого для их функционирования в качестве биоиндикаторов изменения качества работы биологической очистки. Характерный состав таких ОСВ аналогичен по качеству воды воде установок с замкнутым циклом водоснабжения (УЗВ) на основе использования биологических систем очистки, применяемых при интенсивном производстве различных аквакультур. Отсутствие в составе ОСВ также и токсикантов чисто техногенного происхождения, которые могут попасть в очищаемую сточную воду вместе со сточными водами чисто техногенного происхождения в ходе такого эксперимента контролировалось с использование традиционного подхода с на основе выживаемости дафниях Daphnia magna Strauss по стандартной процедуре определения смертности и изменения плодовитости дафний. Предложено использовать разработанную инструментальную измерительную систему (типа БиоАргус) в качестве одного из методов независимой объективной оценки эффективности работы систем очистки воды в рыбоводных системах оборотного и замкнутого водообеспечения – установок с замкнутым циклом водоснабжения.

Aqua-Aero Robotic System — AARS for Hyperspectral Monitoring of Pollution of Water Bodies and Their Purification from Cyanobacteria

Антон Игоревич Савельев — 2025-11-13

The article presents a conceptual solution for the use of the robotic complex AARS (Aqua-Aero Robotic System) for hyperspectral monitoring and purification of reservoirs from pollution by toxic cyanobacteria. The complex consists of an unmanned boat equipped with a landing pad for UAVs with a hyperspectral camera operating in the range of 400-1000 nm. When pollution zones are detected using hyperspectral imaging, coordinates are transmitted to an unmanned boat and subsequent pollution of reservoirs with cyanobacteria is cleaned using MagVortex water magnetization technology. It has been experimentally proven that magnetized water effectively destroys toxic cyanobacteria. The proposed solution can be used for environmental monitoring and restoration of reservoirs. The developed solutions were implemented during joint research by an international Russian-Chinese team of scientists from St. Petersburg FIT RAS and Wenzhou University, specializing in the design and development of unmanned transport systems and methods for suppressing cyanobacterial blooming.