THE ROLE OF STRAW AND BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS IN INCREASING BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN SOILS AND THE PRODUCTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS USING THE EXAMPLE OF SPRING WHEAT

Abstract

Wheat accounts for 27% of all grain crops produced globally. Increasing its yield depends on the use of biological preparations. Research conducted in the steppe zone of the Altai Territory to study the effect of GSN series preparations based on organic compounds, macro- and microelements, and a complex of microorganisms used in the technology of growing spring wheat using the no-till system on the soil, for seed inoculation and as top dressing during plant vegetation, made it possible to establish a positive effect on the agrochemical properties of the soil. By the end of the wheat growing season, they increased the development of saprophytic microorganisms by 1.8-4.1 times, amylolytic bacteria by 1.9-3.1 times, while the number of fungi decreased by 1.3-1.9 times. The organic matter transformation coefficient (PM) increased by 1.8-4.4 times and was in an average correlation with the humus content (r = 0.44). Applying them only to soil and seeds increased catalase activity by 1.02-1.35 times, while additional crop treatment increased it by 1.54-1.94 times. Peroxidase activity changed less significantly than polyphenol oxidase activity, and the humus formation coefficient in the treated variants was greater than or equal to 1.0. It had a close correlation with humus content (r = 0.89). The use of GSN series preparations increased spring wheat yield by 0.25-0.97 t/ha compared to 3.41 t/ha in the control. Moreover, protein content increased from 10.52% in the control by 0.66-1.49%. More significant changes in both the soil and plants were noted with consistent and repeated use of the GSN series complex of preparations.