Hybrid tractor as an energy and digital accelerator for the technical transformation of the agro-industrial complex

Abstract

Of the over 5,200 tractors produced annually in Russia, about 90% have more than 220 horsepower and belong to traction class 4 or higher. Notably, 63% of these are powerful machines above 380 hp, made by just two manufacturers – PTZ and Rostselmash. The dominance of such high-powered tractors stems from a historical focus on increasing engine power and energy density, which, by current standards, is considered irrational. This trend inhibits energy efficiency and results in negative environmental and economic impacts. The article proposes a method for utilizing data from information systems installed on tractors to reconstruct a "digital twin" of the field. This approach characterizes the field through its response to tractor-induced disturbances. Using the collected data, researchers derived an equivalent resistance parameter in field coordinates and developed a latent space vector function. Analyzing this function over specific time intervals and distances enables calculation of integral energy expenditures, mapping of field energy consumption, and assessment of work performed relative to distance traveled. A significant outcome is the creation of a generalized functional that accounts for different interaction scenarios, such as atmospheric emissions, supporting real-time or retrospective analysis and optimization of tractor operations with respect to potential control strategies.