Opportunities and limitations of the development of organic food production: world experience and the situation in Russia

Abstract

The article analyzes the opportunities, positive and negative externalities, factors and limitations for the development of organic production in Russia and abroad, and examines the risks of organic agriculture that arise in ensuring food security. Global experience shows that both positive and negative externalities affect the production of organic products. On the one hand, rural employment is supported, ethnographic, rural and wellness tourism is developing, and the environmental burden is reduced in places where the principles of organic farming are applied. On the other hand, veterinary and phytosanitary risks are growing, food security is being threatened, the intensity of the use of permitted pesticides is increasing, and the environmental burden is rising in regions with developed agriculture. Organic farming generally has a lower impact on the environment per unit area, but the "environmental costs" per unit of production may increase, and therefore on the total volume of production. Sustainable development of organic food production in Russia is possible based on the development and widespread implementation of domestic laborsaving technologies that combine the possibilities of biologization and digitalization, based on scientific research in the field of biotechnology, agricultural science and digital technologies, which requires increased support for interdisciplinary research