ADOP 2025

Influence of Microclimate under different Land Configurations and Weed Management practices in Soybean

2025-02-11T08:48:43+00:00

The research experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of 2022-23 on the experimental farm of the Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, to find out influence of microclimate under different land configurations and weed management practices on weed flora soybean. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with main plot treatments comprised of three land configurations (Two row broad bed furrow, four row broad bed furrow, flat bed) and four weed management practices (control, PE Sulfantranzone 28% + Clomazone 30% WP 350+375 g.a.i./ha (Authority) , PoE Fomesafen 12% + Quizalofop ethyl 3% w/w SC (Amora)@180+45 g. a i./ha, weed free having HW twice) as the sub plot treatmentsreplicated thrice.

The soil moisture content expressed in Percentage (%).

The moisture content expressed in percent was calculated as follows.

Weight of wet soil (g) – Weight of dry soil (g)

Soil moisture (%) = x 100

Weight of dry soil (g)

Canopy temperature of selected five plants from each net plot was recorded at each phenological stage (i.e. vegetative to maturity) in different treatments by using infrared thermometer. The observation was taken in between 1200 hrs to 1400 hrs.

Calculation of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which is available on the-fly, comes first. In addition, NDVI is often used around the world to monitor drought, forecast agricultural production, and assist in forecasting fire zones and desert offensive maps. Farming apps, like Crop Monitoring, integrate NDVI to facilitate crop scouting and give precision to fertilizer application and irrigation, among other field treatment activities, at specific growth stages.

NDVI is calculated in accordance with the formula:

NDVI = (NIR-RED / NIR+RED)

Where,

NIR – reflection in the near-infrared spectrum

RED – reflection in the red range of the spectrum

Ag-IoT: Empowering Sustainable and Economic Organic Agriculture

2025-02-11T08:48:47+00:00

Farmers now receive crucial real-time information to enhance crop management through the integration of IoT in the agricultural landscape. IoT applications help farmers understand a variety of things such as weather patterns, soil quality, wind speed, humidity and temperature that enable them to maximize their farming efforts, minimize losses due to diseases and improve overall productivity. In India where agriculture is a major contributor to its economy, IoT has been instrumental in achieving its high food grain production targets. At any point of the farming process, IoT-based agro-applications are there with farmers guiding them in every activity as well as going beyond field monitoring encompassing under-ground soil sensing, farm machinery and sensor-based irrigation systems. This comprehensive approach creates a network that links farmers, agricultural experts, crop advisors and consultants encouraging sustainable and profitable farming methods. With the increasing pressures of climate change soil degradation and limited resources affecting food needs modern farming systems are turning to technology to enhance efficiency and productivity. The article delves into the utilization of platforms sensor networks, satellite imaging, cloud computing and big data analysis, in digital agriculture. It improves the significance of data exchange and communication among devices, for operations. The integration of technology and data analysis is identified as a game changing factor in farming that tackles obstacles while detecting opportunities in light of the escalating global food security issues.

Voice-Controlled Autonomous Agri-Robot for Organic Farming Pest and Disease Monitoring

2025-02-11T08:48:48+00:00

Safeguarding agricultural crops, particularly against threats such as pink bollworm infestations, is paramount for sustaining agricultural productivity. Our research paper proposes a novel solution for autonomous crop monitoring and protection by integrating the Robot Operating System (ROS) and a robust detection model. The study introduces an autonomous robot capable of identifying pink bollworm infestations and tracking diseases impacting cotton yields. Leveraging drones for field assessment, the robot's path planning is intricately linked to this process. Additionally, a customized dataset is created to enhance the robot's detection abilities, using which a YOLOV8 model is trained, exhibiting a performance metrics: mean Average Precision (mAP) of 67.1%, Precision of 67.9%, and Recall of 61.8%. Furthermore, the paper proposes integrating voice command control for the robot to address challenges posed by difficult terrains. This feature allows for guided navigation and recovery using voice commands when encountering obstacles or challenging environments. By incorporating voice control, the system minimizes the need for human intervention in robot recovery, enhancing operational efficiency and reducing labour requirements. The integrated system represents a digital solution tailored for organic farming, offering flexibility beyond cotton crops to address diverse agricultural challenges. This research presents a novel and comprehensive approach to autonomous crop monitoring and protection, addressing specific challenges posed by pink bollworm infestations and crop diseases in cotton cultivation.

Insights on Digitalizing the Supply Chain for Sustainable Organic Food Products

2025-02-11T08:48:49+00:00

The digital transformation of supply chains is revolutionizing the way organic food products are sourced, produced and distributed, with a strong focus on sustainability digitalization in supply chain management. It is elucidating its concept, benefits and the technologies driving this transformation. Environmental con-corns, a desire for natural and sustainable food options, and health consciousness are some of the reasons behind the increase in demand for organic food. Digitization like IoT to block chain, artificial intelligence to big data analytics are reshaping how organic food products are managed and traced throughout in the supply chain. Digitalized supply chain operations, distribution and process integration are all positively and significantly correlated with business sustainability and profitability. Integration of digitalization into organic food supply chains presents challenges but also showcases successful case studies and opportunities for improvement. The impacts of digitalizing these supply chains are far-reaching, affecting the environment, society, economy and consumer behaviors. This paper serves as a valuable resource for industry players seeking to navigate and leverage the evolving intersection of digitalization and sustainability in organic food products and its supply chains.

Optimization of Organic Potato Cultivation Technology with due Account for Changing Weather Conditions on Northern Territories

2025-02-11T08:48:50+00:00

The research aimed developing a cultivation method of organic potato in the northern territories. The field experiment with Udacha potato variety was a part of the crop rotation started on experimental facilities of IEEP. The test field had a soddy-podzolic, light loamy, gleyic soil on residual carbonate moraine loam with neutral reaction and high organic matter content (6-8%). The experiment tested an organic potato cultivation technology developed in IEEP. It included application of one or two doses (from 60 to 160 kg N/ha) of BIAGUM compost, prepared from poultry manure in a fermenter in the Institute, and polyfunctional biologic Kartofin. An automatic station recorded weather conditions. They differed by the experiment years (2019-2023). The driest summer period was in 2021. The dependence of nitrification rate on the air temperature and precipitation for the period from the end May to end June was found statistically reliable. Potato productivity depended on weather conditions too. The greatest compost dose resulted the greatest yield (above or about 30 t/ha) in 2019, 2020 and 2023. The study established statistically reliable dependence of the standard tuber yield on the soil nitrate content, compost application dose and hydrothermal coefficient in some summer months. Biologic Kartofin was most efficient against a complex of fungal diseases.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SUGARCANE HARVESTING AND ITS IMPACT ON HEALTH CONDITIONS OF LABOR FROM THAILAND AND INDIA

2025-02-11T08:48:52+00:00

This comparative research paper examines the difference between sugarcane harvesting practices in Thailand and India. The objective of research was to investigate and compare current pattern of sugar harvesting and its impact of these approaches on labor health conditions in the sugarcane industry of both countries as India and Thailand. Data were collected from target population groups (40each) from study areas, namely Kanchanaburi and Saraburi provinces in Thailand and Beed District of Maharshtra state from India. The data showed that in Thailand, mechanized harvesting was seen largely due to labor shortage and technology adoption as compared to India. In India, mechanized harvesting was seen increasing but still people are largely involved in sugarcane harvesting and it had ill effects on the overall health of female workers specially. The result clearly indicated that drastic difference in harvesting system and labor health conditions in Thailand and India.

Local Positioning of an Agricultural Mobile Robot Based on a Vision System

2025-02-11T08:48:52+00:00

Determining coordinates is an important component task for developing a control algorithm for mobile agricultural robots. At the moment, this problem is solved by using global positioning satellite systems. However satellite connection have not effective forever and everywhere. Then for agricultural land processing the navigation systems with local positioning could be applied. One of such systems is the visual positioning system based on landmarks. For a long time, its implementation was hampered by the imperfection of systems for recognizing objects in images. However, today neural networks perform computer vision tasks successfully. The purpose of this research was to develop and verify a mathematical model for a positioning system based on optical data of terrain images with beacons. As a result, mathematical formulas were developed to determine the position of the robot in a rectangular coordinate system, and their verification was carried out. The general requirements for the optical system were also worked out and experiments were carried out on real equipment. Ultimately, the performance of the proposed algorithm was proven by conducting an experiment using a real robot with installed camera on it.

Agricultural production technologies with special quality

2025-02-11T08:48:53+00:00

The article analyzes the production of organic products, products with improved characteristics and spoil products. The regulatory requirements for manufacturing, storage and implementation technology are compared. The development of organic production is shown, characterized by an increase in the number of certified producers and the number of regions producing organic products and the low specific gravity of sown areas under agricultural technologies of organic production. It was concluded that industrial technologies of food processing reduce the quality of products, especially ultra-processed food, which negates all efforts to produce products with special quality. The way out of this situation is priority for purchases in specialized organic stores, bringing agricultural producers to consumers of finished processed organic products, home cooking

Methods and Technical Means of Nonintrusive Assessment of Fish Biomass and Robotic Maintenance of Cage Aquaculture

2025-02-11T08:48:54+00:00

Smart aquaculture applies smart production methods to solve existing shortcomings in traditional aquaculture. The combination of technology and the art of smart aquaculture completely changes the way of managing and processing food and seafood production where artificial intelligence, IoT and automation systems are applied effectively. From water quality management to livestock health monitoring, automated fish feeding and harvesting systems, these technologies are changing the traditional landscape of the industry, creating new growth opportunities and helping to build a sustainable environment. In smart aquaculture, the main processes are evaluation of fish biomass and size regularly to check fish growth, evaluation of the efficiency of farming operations, calculation of appropriate feed amounts, and calculation of oxygen consumption, antibiotic dose, grading time and optimal harvest time. This article presents automatic and effective solutions for fish size assessment methods based on computer vision and linear models to estimate fish weight, allowing you to determine fish mass by size. Machine learning models combined with computer vision helps to make the fish counting process faster and more efficient. From there, it becomes easier to estimate fish biomass without directly affecting the fish causing physical impact and stress. The use of robots, artificial intelligence technology, Internet of Things and cloud technology, remote control smart feeding equipment and 5G-based telemetry can reduce labor costs and prevent bacteria, viruses and other harmful substances entering the aquaculture environment, as well as real-time collection of data related to the aquaculture environment, ensuring the safe and healthy development of fish. With the introduction of robots, work in aquaculture is done effectively and safely for farmers. Smart devices based on computer vision provide win-win economic and environmental benefits in aquaculture.

Smart Agriculture in Brazil: An Overview of Technology, Adoption

2025-02-11T08:48:55+00:00

At the second decade of the 21st century, the use of a new set of agricultural technologies, such as smart farming (SF), emerge among agribusiness organizations and agents. This study aims to identify the smart farming technologies used in grain production systems in Brazil and to verify the perception of the farmers regarding technical assistance for SF. A survey was conducted with farmers and 119 valid observations were collected. The study used non-probabilistic sampling, since it considered grain farmers whose farms produced more than 50% of their gross revenue in grains. Descriptive and content analysis were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that soil sampling is the main precision agriculture technology adopted by the production systems assessed, while smartphone applications to assist in agricultural management are the most used information technology. The machines used in grain production systems are undergoing a digitization process, especially due to the increase in availability of equipment with sensors and automated processes. However, the question remains about the capacity of farmers and assistance agents to monitor and take advantage of the potential of SF technologies in farms.

Increasing the investment activity of organic producers in Russia

2025-02-11T08:48:56+00:00

The article explores the urgent problem of stimulating investments in organic agriculture in order to increase production efficiency and sustainable development of the industry. Organic agriculture is an important sector of the economy that contributes to the preservation of the environment, ensuring food security and improving product quality. The authors of the article analyze the main problems hindering the investment activity of organic producers and propose effective ways and mechanisms to encourage investment in this sector. Financial instruments, government support, certification mechanisms and marketing strategies that help attract investments in organic agriculture are considered. In conclusion, the article concludes that increasing the investment activity of organic producers is a necessary condition for the development of organic agriculture. The study reveals the importance of investments in organic production for the growth of the industry, promoting innovation and increasing competitiveness in global markets. The results of the study can be used to develop strategies and programs for the development of investment activity of organic producers, contributing to the sustainable and effective development of this sector of agriculture. The investment directions of the leaders of organic agricultural production in Russia were investigated.

Research of Reindeer Migration Routes Based on Tracking Technologies

2025-02-11T08:48:57+00:00

Reindeer herding practices take place in vast remote areas. Modern technologies, such as GPS tracking and other digital tools make it easier to coordinate reindeer herders’ work, track and manage their herds, as well as maintain pasture quality and migratory routes. Herd tracking solutions for real-time monitoring record and share field information from the grazing areas with other reindeer herders and organizations. The development of monitoring systems will assist in dealing with the problem of deer population declines and extinction of wildlife species, contributing to the economic outcomes. Mathematical methods and data analysis allow for studying spatio-temporal interactions and reindeer movement in order to prevent habitat degradation. In the last decades technology use for reindeer husbandry has been a potent research area for both international and Russian scholars. There is a diverse volume of open-access scholarly papers devoted to various aspects of modern methods of reindeer tracing and migration routes management, most of them in English. Such a vast information bulk needs processing and analyzing for its further use. This paper aims at collecting thought-provoking research data on the highlighted topic and scrutinizing its implications. An overview of existing research on the issue of reindeer migration tracking is fulfilled. The research will be helpful for further study in the area of reindeer herding with the use of technology.

EFFICIENCY OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION

2025-02-11T08:49:00+00:00

Abstract. The article presents the results of scientific research on the possibilities and efficiency of organic production. The transition to organic agriculture is due to the negative consequences of global intensification for the environment, natural resources, public health, and consumers of food products. The effectiveness of the production of organic products is considered from the standpoint of a socio-eco–economic approach. In the conditions of innovative development of the production processes of organic agricultural and food products, points of economic growth are noted due to the introduction of biologization of agricultural production technologies, as a large-scale systemic program of the digital and technological generation, the development of which requires improved work with environmental resources, is a necessary condition for the development of organic production in agriculture. It is proved that the production of organic products in the regions improves the quality and standard of living of the population, the concept of an economic model is presented in which the development of organic production takes place, which contributes to increasing the economic efficiency of agriculture. The results of research on economic results and components of the efficiency of production of organic agricultural products, including using agrobiotechnologies, are presented.-gii in the Altai Territory and other regions of Russia. The relevant conclusions are drawn about the prospects for the development of organic agriculture with the aim of increasing socio –ecological and economic effects. The necessity of developing digitalization of the organic products market, state support for farms, processing enterprises of small and medium-sized businesses, primarily at the stage of certification of organic products based on the experience of most foreign countries, is substantiated.

Investigation of the use of organic additives to im-prove the fertile properties of soil after screening

2025-02-11T08:49:03+00:00

The possibility of using soil passed through a screen to create a fertile layer on disturbed areas is considered. These soils may be contaminated with various toxic substances. Joint use of chemical-analytical methods and the proposed set of biotest systems with the use of test-cultures from different systematic groups (Daphnia magna Straus, Paramecium caudatum, Chlorella vulgaris Beijer, Triticum aestivum) with the use of standardized methods of eluate and substrate biotesting allow to increase the reliability of studies to assess the quality of soil. As a result of these studies, the degree of its ecotoxicity was determined and the soil hazard class was established. This approach to soil quality assessment can be recommended for environmental quality control purposes.

With the help of laboratory vegetation experiment the possibility of restoration of ecological properties of soil after screening and the possibility of increasing its fertility with promising ameliorants such as manure, biohumus and peat were considered. In the experiment the plant biomass of lawn grasses was taken into account, which serves as an integral indicator of vegetation productivity in assessing the physiological state of plants. As a result of the conducted research, the possibility of using the increase in soil fertility in the creation of a fertile layer in the areas of disturbed lands was established. The results of this work can be used in the development of technical specifications for the production of nutritious soil.

Pricing strategy in the activities of organic producers

2025-02-11T08:49:05+00:00

The growth in the supply of organic products increases the urgency of the problem of its constant sale at attractive prices for consumers. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to analyze price strategies and tasks for their improvement to ensure a stable position of producers in the market of organi c goods. The information base consists of the works of Russian and foreign scientists, in particular from the People's Republic of China, materials from Rosstat and the results of the authors' own research on the problem. A system-targeted approach, methods of comparative and factor analysis of pricing, as well as statistical information processing were used. The modern economic conditions and the reasons for price changes in the organic market are investigated from the standpoint of their acceptability and possible consequences for the economic situation, the types of price strategies of commodity producers are shown. The factors of the formation of the price structure, their quantitative parameters and the possibility of price positioning of producers to obtain the desired income are analyzed. An assessment of the features of the pricing strategies of organic producers implemented in practice and the necessary measures to optimize pricing has been carried out. Strategic decisions taken by representatives of small and large businesses during the implementation of pricing policy are considered. The conclusion is made about the need to strengthen public-private partnerships to ensure the sustainable development of organic production.

Automatic Determination of Sturgeon Size at Different Growth Stages Using Deep Learning Technologies

2025-02-11T08:49:06+00:00

Fish resources play a crucial role in Russia's economy, particularly given its vast coastline, extensive aquatic areas, and rich marine and freshwater resources. Preserving and replenishing fish resources due to agricultural activities, poaching, and environmental disasters is one of the pressing challenges in the modern world. In Russia, there is active construction and development of fish farms, fisheries, and biological laboratories, partly driven by economic constraints in recent years. One of the most valuable fish species is sturgeon, which requires specific conditions compared to, for example, catfish. Production personnel monitor compliance with conditions and observe the growth and activity of these fish. To enhance production efficiency, there has been a recent trend towards digitizing production and implementing cyber-physical systems. This paper proposes a method for automatically determining the sizes of sturgeon at different growth stages and outlines prospects for further research.

Clustering of household plots using Self-Organizing Maps

2025-02-11T08:49:07+00:00

The article provides a methodology for typing personal subsidiary plots in a settlement in the Astrakhan region of the Russian Federation, implemented through cluster analysis based on the self-organizing map. As a result, 3 clusters were formed: a small cluster of 125 large households, a small cluster of 370 medium-sized households and a large cluster of 1879 small households, the silhouette coefficient, SC value was 0.56. Using the self-organizing map graph, the 3 largest households assigned to cluster C1 were identified. The specialization of cluster C2 for breeding dairy cattle has been established (the share of livestock was 43.9% of the total livestock of the settlement). The specialization of cluster C1 is primarily livestock-raising and consists of cattle breeding (the share is 78.9%), this cluster is also distinguished by the presence of 100% of the settlement’s pastures (all pastures belong to the households of this cluster), the breeding of 98% of goats, 91, 7% sheep. The crop-growing orientation of cluster C1 is manifested in accordance with the share of potato crops, which is 71.4%, and therefore it makes sense to further split cluster C1 to identify large households with crop-growing specialization. Cluster C3 is distinguished by a large area of perennial crops (the share is 79.4%), specialization in breeding pigs (the share in the settlement is 76.6%) and poultry (72.9%).

"Seasonal Dynamics and Vertical Distribution of Phosphorus in Sediments under Trout cage Farms in Lake Ladoga"

2025-02-11T08:49:08+00:00

This study focuses on the seasonal dynamics and vertical distribution of phosphorus in the sediments of trout cage farms in Lake Ladoga, Russia. With the burgeoning development of aquaculture, assessing the environmental impact of this practice is crucial. The fieldwork was conducted at two farms, where sediment cores were collected for layer-by-layer laboratory analyses. Chemical parameters such as the Red/Ox potential (Eh), phosphorus content (organic and inorganic forms), and organic matter percentage were measured to understand their influence on geochemical behavior of phosphorus. The findings revealed increases in organic matter and phosphorus content during the active feeding periods. Inorganic compounds of phosphorus, primarily from fish feed, was the predominant form of the element entering the sediments. It was shown that reducing conditions exist in the sediments under the studied cages. Thus, anoxic Red/Ox environment can contribute to phosphorus release into the water column from polluted sediments. At the reference sampling sites, no accumulation of organic wastes and phosphorus was observed, which suggests a local spatial impact of fish farming on sediment quality. The results obtained are important for developing of sediment monitoring strategies to mitigate the environmental footprint of trout farming in Lake Ladoga.

The use of satellite monitoring and aerial photography data to assess the heterogeneity of agricultural crops in the Khabarovsk Territory

2025-02-11T08:49:10+00:00

Assessment of crop heterogeneity using remote sensing data is an urgent task of digital agriculture. NDVI values were calculated for arable lands of the Khabarovsk Territory from Sentinel-2 images with a resolution of 10m. A cluster analysis of NDVI time series in 2022 was carried out to assess the heterogeneity of soybean, oat, corn and buckwheat crops at the regional level. Two clusters were described for soybeans, one of which represented clogged fields in 2022, and the average seasonal course of NDVI in this cluster in July-August corresponded to fallow lands. For four crops of the Khabarovsk Territory, the characteristics (NDVI_max, DOY_max) of the average seasonal course of NDVI and the time series of each cluster were established. A comparative assessment of the heterogeneity of crop development within the same field was carried out using UAV and satellite data, while the NDVI distribution obtained from satellite images corresponds to the spatial distribution of NDVI according to the DJI Mavic3M UAV data. At the next stage of the research, it is planned to analyze the withinfield heterogeneity of crops for other crops of the Khabarovsk Territory using satellite monitoring, which will significantly reduce the cost of obtaining and analyzing UAV images.

Post-harvest biodegradation of aflatoxin B1 in rice grain and peanut seeds infected with Aspergillius flavus using a recombinant oxidase from Armillaria tabescens

2025-02-11T08:49:11+00:00

Post-harvest contamination of agroproducts including rice and peanut with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) produced by Aspergillus flavus is a global problem in conventional and sustainable agriculture. AFB1 degradation by microbial enzymes, which convert this dangerous compound to non-toxic or less toxic derivatives, is considered as a promising detoxification approach that meets the main principles of organic farming. Advanced technologies of protein heterologous expression open wide avenues for large-scale production of such enzymes. In this study, we used a recombinant extracellular AFB1 oxidase (rAFO) from Armillaria tabescens expressed in Pichia pastoris yeast cells to degrade AFB1 in rice grain and peanut seeds artificially inoculated with a toxigenic A. flavus strain. The homogenous enzyme was purified from cell-free culture liquid using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. Treatments of the infected samples with an aqueous solution of freeze-dried rAFO preparation for 72 h at 30 or 20–22°C resulted in a significant (2.5- and 3-fold) reduction in the mycotoxin contamination of peanut and rise, respectively. The obtained results showed rAFO may be promising as an environment-friendly tool for providing the safety of organic agricultural production. The possibilities to improve same rAFO characteristics to promote the practical application of the enzyme are discussed.

Enzymatic detoxification of zearalenone-contaminated wheat and corn grain using a recombinant zearalenone hydrolase from Clonostachys rosea

2025-02-11T08:49:14+00:00

Zearalenone (ZEN) produced by some Fusarium fungi is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins in forage. Due to restrictions in the organic agriculture, biodegradation of this and other mycotoxins is more preferable way to control these contaminants. Here, a purified recombinant ZEN-specific lactonohydrolase (rZHD) from Clonostachys rosea expressed in Penicillium canescens PCA-10 was evaluated for its ZEN-degrading activity in both model solutions and naturally infected wheat and corn grain under optimal conditions (30ºC, pH 8.5). ZEN degradation dynamics in a model solution containing purified rZHD showed the most part of the toxin was degraded after 3 h of incubation; no residual ZEN was revealed after 12 h of incubation. Inoculation of wheat and corn grain with toxigenic F. culmorum strain BR-03-21 resulted in ZEN accumulation up to 15‒25 mg/kg. The subsequent 12-h enzymatic treatment provided degradation of 63 (wheat) and 55% (corn) of accumulated ZEN; to the end of a 24-h treatment, only 2.0 and 9.5% of ZEN remained in these samples, respectively. A complete ZEN removal from both samples was revealed after 48 h of the treatment. Due to such activity and the earlier revealed ability to work at low-temperature (10ºC) conditions, the enzyme is promising for practical application.

Approach to long-term forecasting of frosts and droughts in smart agriculture

2025-02-11T08:49:16+00:00

Due to the trend of a global increase in average daily temperatures and the occurrence of extreme weather events, the task of long-term forecasting of agrometeorological risks is becoming increasingly actual. The work considers frost and drought as the main meteorological risks. The problem comes down to analyzing time series, in the simple case one-dimensional. In each individual case, based on a preliminary analysis of the initial information, researchers select the most effective method; there is no comprehensive comparison of probabilistic and statistical approaches to long-term forecasting of time series. In this regard, the goal of the work was to formulate the concept of a unified intelligent system for long-term forecasting of drought and frost. The proposed approach involves generating traditional, well-studied models for each source dataset in real time and selecting the most accurate result. The need to develop an intelligent system for long-term forecasting of droughts and frosts is also confirmed by the results of computational experiments carried out in this work on three different datasets. To conduct computational experiments, we used the open programming language R (RStudio), which is widely used and has proven itself in scientific research. The results of the analysis of datasets showed that different methods turn out to be the most accurate for different source data. Moreover, datasets 1 and 2 were prepared from the same weather station for the same period; only the observation factors differ.

Improving the quality of X-ray images of seeds in smart farming using deep learning

2025-02-11T08:49:17+00:00

This work is devoted to the problem of food security and seed quality assessment in the task of automation and optimization of technological decision-making processes in agriculture. In particular, the application of neural network methods to improve the image resolution of X-ray images of seeds to increase the accuracy of their subsequent analysis is considered. The authors proposed a procedure for collecting, processing and augmenting a training set of X-ray images of grain crop seeds. Five neural network models of super-resolution, such as SRCNN, EDSR, SRGAN, ESRGAN and SwinIR, were implemented, trained and adapted to the specifics of the subject area (quality seed), and experiments were conducted to fine-tune them. The experiment showed that the ESRGAN model has the best values of objective metrics (PSNR = 28.83 and SSIM = 0.80), which is 23% better than the basic SRCNN model and 5% better than the second-best SwinIR model. The paper also shows examples of generated images, which can later be used to solve the problem of detecting the seed quality and classifying types of defects from X-ray images. The resulting solution, in addition to improving the resolution of X-ray analysis of grain crop seeds, will reduce the sensitivity of operators of specialized stations to X-ray radiation when creating and processing images.

Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Precision Spraying of Chemicals in Agronomic Operations: A Case Study of Potato Desiccation

2025-02-11T08:49:19+00:00

The article is dedicated to the investigation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) application for optimizing the dispersion of chemical agents in agriculture. The research encompasses a methodology for planning flight missions with the selection of optimal parameters based on the task at hand, conducting practical experiments on potato desiccation using UAVs for the efficient distribution of active substances. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of potato desiccation with UAVs, alongside an increase in efficiency and a reduction in chemical consumption during potato haulm treatment. The study contributes to the development of automated chemical treatment methods for agricultural lands using UAVs, showcasing their effectiveness and economic benefits. The article is beneficial for researchers in the field of agriculture and precision farming, as well as professionals interested in the application of new technologies in agrotechnical processes.

Fishery in Armenia and aqua-probiotics

2025-02-11T08:49:20+00:00

The development of probiotics for commercial use in aquaculture is an interdisciplinary process that requires basic and applied research, full-scale testing, and economic evaluation. This study relates to the validation of obtaining targeted aquaprobiotics for aquatic organisms and the development of fisheries in Armenia. To understand the market situation and the opinions of experts, a series of questions and suggested answers were prepared by us for the structured interviews, a qualitative research method that includes asking open-ended questions and gathering data on the fisheries and fish feed.

It was shown, that fisheries/aquaculture have significant development potential in Armenia, and for Armenia, obtaining and offering probiotics is important both for the conservation of aquatic animals, especially fish species, and for agriculture and the economy as a whole. Methods for selecting probiotic bacteria for use in aquaculture may include the following steps: i) collection of source information; ii) obtaining prospective probiotics; iii) screening of prospective probiotics; iv) assessment of pathogenicity and test for survival, and v) in vivo assessment.

Digital Maize Crop Guardian: Automated Identification of Fall Armyworm Infestation using Computer Vision

2025-02-11T08:49:21+00:00

Identifying fall armyworm (FAW) infestation is critical for mitigating yield losses in maize crops. This study focuses on visually observable patterns indicative of FAW infestation on maize crops, amidst various biotic and abiotic stresses. With FAW emerging as a significant threat to maize cultivation, automated identification methods are imperative. Leveraging computer vision techniques, this paper proposes an algorithm designed to identify FAW infestation in maize crops. By analyzing images and identifying affected spots, the algorithm serves as a digital guardian for maize crops, aiding in timely intervention and management strategies.

The effect of Lactobacillus reuteri probiotic strains on productivity and basic physiological parameters of laying hens

2025-02-11T08:49:22+00:00

Probiotic microorganisms can replace feed antibiotics in poultry farming. Probiotics have a positive effect on a digestive tract, immune system, and metabolic processes in poultry organisms. In addition to the positive effects on animal health, when using probiotic additives, an increase in the feed conversion rate is observed, which is reflected in an increase in animal productivity and final yield. Probiotics have a pronounced antagonistic effect against the opportunistic pathogenic flora of the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of probiotic lactobacilli on egg producing ability of laying hens, on indicators of nonspecific resistance and the composition of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. Two strains of L. reuteri isolated in the laboratory of immunobiotechnology and microbiology of VNIIFBiP were used in the diet of laying hens of the Hysex-Brown cross from the age of 120 days. The duration of the experiment was 180 days, as a result, an increase in poultry egg production by 6.6% relative to the control group was found, and the yield of egg mass in the experimental group was 21.2 kg higher than in the control. There was a significant increase in phagocytic and bactericidal activity of blood serum by 7.2% and 10.4%, respectively, the content of lysozyme in the serum of poultry in the experimental group was 1.2% higher than the control. The use of probiotic lactobacilli in the diet of laying hens led to an increase in the number of bifidobacteria by an order of magnitude and a decrease in the number of escherichia, salmonella and clostridium in the intestinal contents birds.

The effect of an emulsion based on coriander (Coriándrum sátivum) and fennel (Foenículum vulgáre) on the expression of genes forming the immune status of dairy calves.

2025-02-11T08:49:23+00:00

In the early period of ontogenesis, the entire digestive system is formed, especially the mucous membrane lining the entire surface of the hollow organs of the digestive system and representing a large contact surface for food and various antigens. The results of the study showed that the expression level of the proinflammatory cytokines IL6 and IL8, used to destroy antigens, was higher in the experimental group. Decreased expression of SIRT3 in the control group is reduced, which is the main factor associated with low metabolic activity, including the accumulation of lipid droplets inside the cell, which contributes to a decrease in energy supply and survival of the body. In the experimental groups, an increase in the expression of the SIRT3 gene reflects factors of increased productivity and nonspecific resistance of dairy calves. The data obtained may indicate that when using a feed additive based on essential oils, it has a pronounced immunostimulating effect, contributes to an increase in the nonspecific resistance of calves during the period of dairy fattening.

Forecasting the SAM Index Value Using Fourier Series and Neural Networks

2025-02-11T08:49:24+00:00

The article presents the results of forecasting the SAM index using tools such as a recurrent neural network and Fourier series-based model. The experiments revealed that these forecasting methods unfortunately had a high percentage of error, suggesting the impracticality of this approach. However, the task of forecasting the SAM index remains highly relevant and requires the exploration of new solutions. Currently, the amount of krill biomass in the waters of Antarctica is estimated to be between 300 million and 500 million tons. Russia plans to start krill fishing at the end of 2023, with a specially designed vessel for operations in the Antarctic region. Krill harvesting is part of Russia's strategy for the development of the fishing industry until 2030, including the implementation of the comprehensive project 'Marine Biotechnologies,' focusing on Antarctic krill harvesting. The annual krill catch is projected to reach 450 thousand tons. To achieve these goals, scientifically grounded forecasting mechanisms for indicators directly or indirectly indicating the presence of krill biomass in planned fishing areas need to be developed.

Biological protection of Salanum tuberosum L from pathogens using symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus bovienii entomopathogenic nematodes

2025-02-11T08:49:25+00:00

Abstract The results of field studies conducted in 2022-2022 are presented on the possible use of entopathogenic nematodes (family Steinernematidae) as a method of biological protection of potatoes by the symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus bovienii against pathogens of potato tubers (Streptomyces scabies Waks. et Henr., Rhizoctonia solani G. Kuhn) in the conditions of the European North of Russia. Immunological assessment of tubers after harvesting showed not only a decrease in the spread of Rhizoctonia solani and Streptomyces scabies by 52-64% and 14-52% compared to the control, but also their development to 33-83% and 14-52%, respectively. The most effective option was characterized by double treatment with an aqueous suspension of live cultures of symbiotic bacteria X. Bovienii (EPN-1), in which the degree of development of disease symptoms on tubers was reduced to 3% compared to the control (21%). When using EPN-1, the biological effectiveness against Streptomyces scabies was 27-39%, against Rhizoctonia solani - 29-31%. The greatest antifungal effect from the most dangerous pathogen in the region, R. Solani, was observed with single and double spraying of the leaf surface with a suspension of an autoclaved culture of symbiotic bacteria (EPN-2), a decrease in development by 31-41%, respectively. The yield of potato tubers depended on the method and frequency of treatments and amounted to 23.53-27.78 t/ha according to the experimental options. It was greatest with a single treatment of tubers with phytosporin and a double treatment of the leaf surface with EPN-2, higher than the control variant by 11–16 %, respectively.

Evaluation model for digital technology efficiency: the example of intelligent digital video monitoring of early disease diagnosis and physiological cows condition

2025-02-11T08:49:27+00:00

The paper analyzes the effectiveness of intelligent video monitoring system (IVMS) of early diagnosis of diseases and the physiological state of cows using the developed model. The research method is modeling the assessment of the economic efficiency of innovative solutions for managing complex production processes for carrying out variant calculations. The possibilities of digital intelligent systems of video monitoring and herd management in solving problems of qualitative improvement of cow health control, early diagnostics of common diseases, increase of herd reproduction indicators are considered. Approaches to improving the methods of calculating the main efficiency indicators in dairy cattle breeding in accordance with the tasks of expanded herd reproduction, reducing losses from the sale of young high-yielding cows at the height of lactation, and increasing the volume of breeding sales are proposed. The model allowing to take into account the aggregate effectiveness and economic efficiency of dairy cattle when implementing capital-intensive intelligent digital technologies has been developed. The model has been tested for variant calculations of performance indicators in the implementation of technological solutions that increase objectivity of economic efficiency evaluations of intelligent digital technologies for herd monitoring, the payback period at their design and implementation stage. The carried out calculations allow us to conclude about the high efficiency of the implementation of the proposed intelligent video monitoring system, both in large dairy complexes and on medium-scale farms with loose cows.

Utilization and recycling of agricultural waste with the help of biological objects

2025-02-11T08:49:28+00:00

目前，家禽养殖业呈现集约化发展趋势，导致家禽粪便高度集中。由于处置方式不完善、处理技术缺乏，家禽粪便处理难度较大。如果不采取有效、及时处理粪便的措施，家禽养殖场附近可能会堆积大量粪便，对环境和人体健康造成潜在危害。为研究不同鸟粪为基质饲养蚯蚓对蚯蚓生存、生长发育的影响，本文以不同发酵期的鸟粪为实验因子，进行了蚯蚓存活及鸡鸭粪便分析。以及不同发酵时期的鹅粪。进行了急性毒性试验，并在此基础上测试了使用牛粪和废弃农作物作为养殖基质的可能性。实验结果表明，鸡粪（取决于发酵期）适合蚯蚓定殖，在添加牛粪和其他农作物废弃物时可以作为基质。同时，100%发酵的鹅、鸭粪也可作为蚯蚓养殖的基质。

THE INFLUENCE OF GLYPHOSATE IN COMBINATION WITH ANTIBIOTICS ON THE MICROBIAL COMMUNITY OF BROILER’S CECUM ACCORDING TO WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING

2025-02-11T08:49:29+00:00

To evaluate the effects of antibiotics and glyphosate, an experiment was conducted on 260 broilers. Four experimental groups were formed: I - control group, which received the basic diet (BD), II experimental group - BD with the addition of glyphosate; III experimental - OR with the addition of glyphosate and veterinary antibiotics enrofloxacin and colistin methanesulfonate; IV experimental - OR with the addition of glyphosate and ammonium maduramicin. Glyphosate and antibiotics combined with a herbicide altered the microbial community in broiler’s cecum. Genome-wide analysis made it possible to estimate the increase in the proportion of eukaryotic microorganisms and viruses under the influence of antibiotics. In the group of prokaryotic microorganisms, under the influence of glyphosate and antibiotics, significant changes were noted associated with a decrease in the proportion of bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium sp., Lawsonibacter sp., Lachnoclostridium sp. and Subdoligranulum sp., capable of producing butyrate and other short-chain fatty acids. These results indicate the negative impact of glyphosate in combination with antibiotics on the health and productivity of poultry, since these acids have a wide range of positive properties, for example, bacteriostatic, anti-inflammatory and proliferative effects.

Legal Support for the Development of Organic Production in the Republic of Belarus

2025-02-11T08:49:30+00:00

Consistent greening of economic activity, introduction of mechanisms of "green" economy in the Republic of Belarus directly affect the agricultural sector, which solves the socially important problem of ensuring food security of the country as well as the task to increase the volume of agricultural exports. One of the ways to reduce the rural economy harmful impact on the environment and to contribute to solving problems related to climate change, nutrition security, health, loss of biodiversity, soil degradation is the development of organic agriculture. For this purpose, Belarus has established the legal framework for the regulation of relations in the field of production, storage, transportation and sale of organic products, the national procedure of voluntary certification of organic products and processes of their production and related requirements for the use of the mark "Organic Product". The article provides an analytical review of the provisions of normative legal acts regulating the production and circulation of organic products, documents of state forecasting and state planning, characterizes the subjects of relations in the sphere of organic agriculture, considers the prospects of creating a common market for organic products in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). On the basis of a critical analysis of the current legislation the paper formulated several proposals for its improvement. In particular, the authors substantiate the need to strengthen the environmental component of the activities for the organic production, taking into account one of the goals of its legal support, to consolidate the corresponding principle in the Law “On the production and circulation of organic products”. The feasibility of creating a more effective legal mechanism for state support for organic producers is justified, and it is also proposed to develop a national strategy for the development of organic agriculture in the context of the formation of a common market for organic products in the EAEU.

Econometric method for assessing the level of digitalization of regional agriculture

2025-02-11T08:49:32+00:00

The development of digital transformation processes in agriculture is uneven both in the regions of the country and in individual economic entities. The current methods of assessing the level of digitalization of business do not take into account industry specifics, therefore they are not accurate and not objective. The article proposes a new approach to the integrated assessment of digitalization of agricultural business, which is based on an econometric model. In this model, a comprehensive assessment of digital transformation is determined for each specific type of digital technology according to its role in increasing production. The study shows that today the most important and essential technologies for increasing agricultural production are technologies using geoinformation systems (GIS technologies), the Internet of Things and industrial robots. The authors propose to evaluate the contribution of each technology to the integrated digitalization index by the degree of influence of this technology on the result of production based on correlation and regression analysis. The article presents such calculations made on the basis of materials from the state statistics bodies of Russia. The paper shows an example of calculating the level of digitalization in regions with a predominantly agrarian orientation of the economy.

EFFECTS OF GLYPHOSATE AND ANTIBIOTICS ON THE EXPRESSION OF GENES RELATED TO PERFORMANCE, ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION AND HISTOLOGICAL BARRIER IN THE CECUM OF BROILERS

2025-02-11T08:49:33+00:00

In conditions of intensive poultry farming, significant amounts of xenobiotics enter the bird’s body. To investigate this, four groups of Ross 308 broiler chickens were formed: 1, control group fed the basic diet (BD); 2, experimental group fed BD supplemented with glyphosate; 3, experimental group fed BD along with combination of glyphosate and two antibiotics, enrofloxacin and colistin methanesulfonate. Analysis of the expression of genes for performance (IGF1, IGF2, MYOG, MYOZ2, SLC2A1, SLC2A2, SLC5A1, MSTN and TGFB1), antioxidant defense (CAT, SOD1, PRDX6 and HMOX1) and histological barrier function (MUC2, OCLN and CLDN1) in cecal tissues of birds were carried out using quantitative RT-PCR using a DTlight thermal cycler (DNA-Technology, Russia) and the SsoAdvancedTM Universal SYBR® Green Supermix kit (Bio-Rad, USA). The results showed that glyphosate alone (Group 2) inhibited the expression of a number of genes associated with productivity (IGF1, IGF2, SLC5A1, and MSTN) up to 4.1 times as compared with Group 1 (p < 0.05). In Groups 2 and 3, there was a decrease in almost all cases in the mRNA production of the MUC2, OCLN and CLDN1 genes in intestinal tissues from 1.3 to 2.2 times as compared to the control (p < 0.05).

Производство органической говядины в России: возможности и перспективы

2025-02-11T08:49:35+00:00

The growing demand for high-quality organic beef both in the world and in Russia opens up great opportunities for the development of this industry. A number of domestic and foreign scientists are studying the issue of organic beef production, who note the constant growth of the organic sector. The purpose of this study is to identify opportunities and prospects for the production of organic beef in Russia. The monographic method, analysis and synthesis, and a systematic approach were used. An analysis of Russian producers of organic beef, its processed products and organic feed for cattle led to the conclusion that the main ones are concentrated in the Central Federal District, while Russia has a large unrealized potential for the production of these types of products and the use of existing experience will speed up the process of involvement in organic production in other regions of the country. The SWOT analysis showed that, in general, the development of organic beef production in Russia faces some difficulties that require an integrated approach and cooperation between the state, scientists, producers and consumers. Only in this way can the sustainable and successful development of this promising industry be ensured.

THE SEARCH FOR SOURCES OF ENTEROBACTERIA AND CLOSTRIDIA ENDOTOXINS IN RUSSIAN DAIRY FARMS: POSSIBLE TRANSFER OF ENDOTOXINS THROUGH THE FEED–COW–MILK CHAIN

2025-02-11T08:49:37+00:00

The prevention of infectious diseases in dairy cattle is important for both economic efficiency of livestock production and public health. Here, samples to identify bacterial endotoxins were collected from two commercial dairy farms in Leningrad Oblast in 2023: farm A in the Pushkin District (samples of feces and milk were taken) and farm B in the Gatchina District (where samples were taken from the feed-ing table, milk and rumen chyme. The study comprised four groups (A1, A2, B1, B2) where 1 was the control and 2 the test group. A1 were healthy, A2 showed signs of pathologies of the limb joints, B1 received the basic diet (BD) and B2 were fed this, plus the feed ad-ditive AntiKlos (BIOTROF LLC), which has a high level of antago-nistic activity against clostridia and enterobacteria). Using PCR, samples were examined for the presence of genes for Shiga toxins (stx1A, stx2B), intimin (eae) and enterohemolysin (ehxA) produced by enterobacteria; for alpha (cpa1), beta (cpb) and epsilon toxin (etx) produced by Clostridium perfringens, plus binary toxin (cdtB), toxin A (tcdA) and toxin B (tcdB) produced by Clostridium difficile. In the test Group A2, one animal out of six studied (16.7%) had the intimin (eae) and enterohemolysin (ehxA) genes produced by enterobacteria that were not found in the control A1. The epsilon toxin gene (etx) was the most common and present in 100% of the examined fecal samples from both farms and 100% of milk samples from farm A. Our studies demonstrate the possibility of transfer of some endotoxins of enterobacteria and clostridia through the feed–cow–milk chain that depends on the specific live-stock production conditions.

Use of Hermetia illucens larvae fat in feeding of calves

2025-02-11T08:49:38+00:00

In an experiment on calves of the dairy period of rearing the efficiency of fat utilization obtained from Hermetia illucens larvae (F-Hil) was studied. Animals of the control group were fed a balanced ration accepted in the farm in terms of energy and nutrients, while the experimental group was fed 10 g of F-Hil in addition to the basic ration daily individually in the morning feeding with milk. Feeding fat already in the first month of the trials resulted in an increase in ADG by 24.4% (p < 0.001), and in the second month - by 20.3% (p < 0.003), respectively, compared to the control. The average increase in ADG over the 2-month experiment period was 22.0% (p < 0.001) in the experimental group. Analysis of clinical and biochemical blood parameters of experimental calves at the end of the experiment did not reveal significant differences in the values of indicators between the groups. Calculation of economic efficiency showed that feeding F-Hil to heifers during the dairy period of rearing is justified and provides a profit of 18.52 rubles per 1 head.