The study presents a method for iterative parameter tuning of tree ensemble-based models using Bayesian hyperparameter tuning for states prediction, using breast cancer as an example. The proposed method utilizes three different datasets, including the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) dataset, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) breast cancer dataset, and the Breast Cancer Coimbra dataset (BCCD), and implements tree ensemble-based models, specifically AdaBoost, Gentle-Boost, LogitBoost, Bag, and RUSBoost, for breast cancer prediction. Bayesian optimization was used to tune the hyperparameters of the models iteratively, and the performance of the models was evaluated using several metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score. Our results show that the proposed method significantly improves the performance of tree ensemble-based models, resulting in higher accuracy, precision, recall, and f1-score. Compared to other state-of-the-art models, the proposed method is more efficient. It achieved perfect scores of 100% for Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-Score on the WDBC dataset. On the SEER BC dataset, the method achieved an accuracy of 95.9%, a precision of 97.6%, a recall of 94.2%, and an F1-Score of 95.9%. For the BCCD dataset, the method achieved an accuracy of 94.7%, a precision of 90%, a recall of 100%, and an F1-Score of 94.7%. The outcomes of this study have important implications for medical professionals, as early detection of breast cancer can significantly increase the chances of survival. Overall, this study provides a valuable contribution to the field of breast cancer prediction using machine learning.
The complexity of modern objects with a reconfigurable structure leads to the need to take into account various factors of their interaction with the environment and is associated with an increase in the number of their constituent elements and subsystems, as well as, accordingly, a rapid increase in the number of internal connections, and manifests itself in such aspects as structural complexity, complexity of functioning, complexity of choice of behavior, complexity of modeling and complexity of development. These systems operate in conditions of significant uncertainty associated with a change in the content of the goals and objectives facing the object, the impact of disturbing factors from the external environment and having a targeted and / or non-targeted character. These aspects of the complexity of the system are associated not only with the uncertain effects of the external environment, but also with many different modes (types) of functioning, corresponding to the multiplicity of tasks being solved and the multiplicity of indicators of the quality of their solution. As a rule, systems with a fixed structure, usually tuned to a steady (some given) mode, do not provide the best control quality in other modes. Therefore, the multi-mode and uncertainty of the operating conditions necessitate solving the problem of analysis and synthesis of the configuration and reconfiguration of the objects under consideration, based on intelligent approaches. At the same time, at the stages of creating and designing objects with a tunable structure, such interconnected sets of modes of operation and structures should be synthesized, and, possibly, such a level of redundancy should be introduced into these sets, taking into account space-time, technical and technological restrictions, under which at the stage of their application for the intended purpose, it would be possible to respond flexibly to all design and off-design contingencies that cause structural changes in the object. From a formal point of view, the solution to these problems is possible within the framework of such an important class of modern scientific and technical problems as the problems of multi-criteria structural-functional synthesis of configurations of multi-mode objects at various stages of their life cycle. This article presents a method for solving these problems, based on the concept of the parametric genome of complex multi-mode objects proposed by the authors. The application of this concept makes it possible to store in a concentrated form the explicit and implicit knowledge of experts about the interaction of elements and subsystems of an object when performing various combinations of the implementation of operating modes, as well as to quickly calculate optimistic and pessimistic estimates of indicators of structural and functional reliability of homogeneous / heterogeneous, monotonous / non-monotonic, equivalent /unequal multi-mode objects. With a multi-criteria choice of the required number of non-dominated variants of configurations of a multi-mode object, evenly distributed in the set of effective (Pareto) alternatives, a combination of the method of interval lexicographic ordering (successive concessions) and an operator decision rule was proposed. At the same time, in order to conduct a detailed analysis of the possibility of implementing an object of joint or separate activation of operating modes with an equivalent or unequal intensity of their use, a fuzzy-possibility representation of a generalized indicator of structural and functional reliability in the form of a trapezoidal number and determining its center of gravity was proposed. The results of applying the developed method of structural-parametric synthesis of configurations of a multi-mode object with a tunable structure are presented on the example of the motion control system of the small spacecraft "Aist-2D".
The paper deals with issues related to optimizing the ballistic structure of a satellite system for remote sensing of the Earth. Approaches to the ballistic design of the satellite system, previously developed by specialists from various scientific schools, were focused on maintaining the structural stability of the system by deploying groupings with the same geometry and with the same inclinations, which ensured the same age-old departures of elements from all the orbits. At the same time, there is a whole range of tasks that require the formation of a satellite system in different orbits. To achieve the required level of stability of a new cluster of orbital structures we provide an approach, including: heuristic formation of many target different height orbits; identifying some basic near-circular orbit; selection of possible variants of iterative quasi-synchronous orbits; coordination of the composition of the vector of characteristics of traffic conditions and final calculation of an acceptable option that provides the specified accuracy of the route closure cycle.
Testing of the proposed approach is carried out on the example of determining the parameters of orbits that ensures equality of effective days in a given range of heights. The method of selecting the degree of consideration of various physical factors of the space environment, which ensures the achievement of identical deviations of the forecast trajectory from the reference one, is presented. The characteristics of the mathematical model of quasi-synchronous orbit motion used in forecasting are calculated from the condition of stability at a given time interval. To get the appropriate estimates, we use corrections to the orbit parameters given from the Greenwich coordinate system.
A detailed algorithm is described that provides the possibility of unambiguously determining the characteristics of a stable structure, in the implementation of which the transition from the solution of a normal system of equations to the solution of two triangular systems is performed.
The analysis of the subject area has shown that the proposed approach is new, and the solved scientific problem belongs to the class of inverse problems of space cybernetics.
Using bioinspired models and methods is one of approaches for solving tasks of swarm robotics. In this paper one of such tasks, modeling of foraging, and it’s solving by creating analogues of social structures of ants and models of feeding behavior are considered. The most important characteristics of ants’ colonies for modeling were defined – individuals number in society and it’s structure, workers’ speed, a communication distance and working area size. Besides, existing experimental basis (a group of robots and a polygon) was estimated for a usage as a hardware platform for experiments. Several models of feeding behavior were considered: a model without foragers’ functions differentiation and a model with differentiation on active and passive ones. Active foragers look for resources by themselves, then they involve passive foragers; passive foragers are settled on a base, while are not involved in harvesting.
A set of finite state machines describe the behavior of agents: basic automatons (provide basic behavior functions) and a meta- automaton, that switches with some conditions an execution of basic automatons. Basic movements were tested on experimental basis. A complex test of models were conducted in a simulation program Kvorum. An analogue of real polygon was made in the program. Modeling consists of series of experiments for every model in which agents must harvest resources. Series differ from each other by number of agents. For models’ quality estimation a ratio of received energy to average obtaining time. Experiments settle that model with functions differentiation works more effective.
The data transmission process is modelled by a Markov closed queuing network, which consists of two stations. The primary station describes the process of sending packets over a lossy channel by means of a finite and single-channel queue. The auxiliary station, being a multichannel queuing system, accumulates packets lost by the primary station and forwards them back for retrial. The transmission rate at the primary station and the retrial rate at the auxiliary station are in the specified ranges and are subject to optimization in order to minimize the time of successful delivery and the amount of network resources used. The explicit expressions for these characteristics are derived in the steady-state mode in order to formulate the problem of bi-criterion optimization. The optimal policies are established in two scenarios: the first problem is to minimize the average time of successful transmission with limited resources; the second problem is to minimize the consumption of network resources under the constraint on the time for successful transmission. The set of Pareto-optimal policies is obtained by solving the problem of minimization of the augmented functional. The quality characteristics of approximate solutions that do not take into account the service rate in the auxiliary system are analyzed.
The development of methodical and mathematical apparatus for formation of a set of diagnostic parameters of complex technical systems, the content of which consists of processing the trajectories of the output processes of the system using the theory of functional spaces, is considered in this paper. The trajectories of the output variables are considered as Lebesgue measurable functions. It ensures a unified approach to obtaining diagnostic parameters regardless a physical nature of these variables and a set of their jump-like changes (finite discontinuities of trajectories). It adequately takes into account a complexity of the construction, a variety of physical principles and algorithms of systems operation. A structure of factor-spaces of measurable square Lebesgue integrable functions, ( spaces) is defined on sets of trajectories. The properties of these spaces allow to decompose the trajectories by the countable set of mutually orthogonal directions and represent them in the form of a convergent series. The choice of a set of diagnostic parameters as an ordered sequence of coefficients of decomposition of trajectories into partial sums of Fourier series is substantiated. The procedure of formation of a set of diagnostic parameters of the system, improved in comparison with the initial variants, when the trajectory is decomposed into a partial sum of Fourier series by an orthonormal Legendre basis, is presented. A method for the numerical determination of the power of such a set is proposed.
New aspects of obtaining diagnostic information from the vibration processes of the system are revealed. A structure of spaces of continuous square Riemann integrable functions ( spaces) is defined on the sets of vibrotrajectories. Since they are subspaces in the afore mentioned factor-spaces, the general methodological bases for the transformation of vibrotrajectories remain unchanged. However, the algorithmic component of the choice of diagnostic parameters becomes more specific and observable. It is demonstrated by implementing a numerical procedure for decomposing vibrotrajectories by an orthogonal trigonometric basis, which is contained in spaces. The processing of the results of experimental studies of the vibration process and the setting on this basis of a subset of diagnostic parameters in one of the control points of the system is provided.
The materials of the article are a contribution to the theory of obtaining information about the technical condition of complex systems. The applied value of the proposed development is a possibility of their use for the synthesis of algorithmic support of automated diagnostic tools.
An increase in the number of vehicles, especially in large cities, and inability of the existing road infrastructure to distribute transport flows, leads to a higher congestion level in transport networks. This problem makes the solution to navigational problems more and more important. Despite the popularity of these tasks, many existing commercial systems find a route in deterministic networks, not taking into account the time-dependent and stochastic properties of traffic flows, i.e. travel time of road links is considered as constant. This paper addresses the reliable routing problem in stochastic networks using actual information of the traffic flow parameters. We consider the following optimality criterion: maximization of the probability of arriving on time at a destination given a departure time and a time budget. The reliable shortest path takes into account the variance of the travel time of the road network segments, which makes it more applicable for solving routing problems in transport networks compared to standard shortest path search algorithms that take into account only the average travel time of network segments. To describe the travel time of the road network segments, it is proposed to use parametrically defined stable Levy probability distributions. The use of stable distributions allows replacing the operation of calculating convolution to determine the reliability of the path to recalculating the parameters of the distributions density, which significantly reduces the computational time of the algorithm. The proposed method gives a solution in the form of a decision, i.e. the route proposed in the solution is not fixed in advance, but adaptively changes depending on changes in the real state of the network. An experimental analysis of the algorithm carried out on a large-scale transport network of Samara, Russia, showed that the presented algorithm can significantly reduce the computational time of the reliable shortest path algorithm with a slight increase in travel time.
Modern text-to-speech systems generally achieve good intelligibility. The one of the main drawbacks of these systems is the lack of expressiveness in comparison to natural human speech. It is very unpleasant when automated system conveys positive and negative message in completely the same way. The introduction of parametric methods in speech synthesis gave possibility to easily change speaker characteristics and speaking styles. In this paper a simple method for incorporating styles into synthesized speech by using style codes is presented.
The proposed method requires just a couple of minutes of target style and moderate amount of neutral speech. It is successfully applied to both hidden Markov models and deep neural networks-based synthesis, giving style code as additional input to the model. Listening tests confirmed that better style expressiveness is achieved by deep neural networks synthesis compared to hidden Markov model synthesis. It is also proved that quality of speech synthesized by deep neural networks in a certain style is comparable with the speech synthesized in neutral style, although the neutral-speech-database is about 10 times bigger. DNN based TTS with style codes are further investigated by comparing the quality of speech produced by single-style modeling and multi-style modeling systems. Objective and subjective measures confirmed that there is no significant difference between these two approaches.
The constructive method for multicriteria optimization of control processes of deterministic and not fully defined controlled systems with distributed parameters, described by linear multidimensional parabolic partial differential equations with internal and boundary control actions, is proposed. The optimization problem is considered when an uniform approximation accuracy of object’s final state to the required spatial distribution of controlled function is given. The suggested approach is based on the one-criterion option in the form of minimax convolution of the normalized quality criteria and the subsequent transition to the equivalent form of a typical variational problem with constraints. It is applied to the deterministic model of an object described by an infinite system of differential equations with respect to time-dependent modes of the controlled quantity expansion in a series of eigenfunctions of the initial-boundary value problem. Further procedures for the preliminary parametrization of control actions, based on analytical optimum conditions and reduction to semi-infinite programming problems, allow one to find the desired extremals using their Chebyshev properties and fundamental laws of the domain in typical application conditions of estimating the accuracy of approaching the object’s final state to the required one in a uniform metric. The obtained results are extended to the tasks of program control on the principle of guaranteed result by ensembles of object trajectories under conditions of interval uncertainty of the parametric characteristics of the distributed system and multiple external disturbances. A demonstrated example of a multicriteria optimization of an innovation technology of metal induction heating prior a hot forming is of special interest. The typical optimization criteria such as energy consumption, metal loss due to scale formation, and heating accuracy are considered as components of vector optimization criterion.
This article discusses some approaches to the recognition of the parameters of the threshold k-valued functions, which can be used for building information processing and security units. The main focus is put on the issue of proving k-valued function belonging to the threshold class. For solving this problem it is proposed to use the input coefficients of expansion and increase. With the help of the latter, the coefficients of linear forms of the k-valued threshold function are procedurally approximated. Along with the proposed analytical approach, the article discusses an algorithmic method based on reducing the problem of finding a threshold representation of k-valued functions to the system of linear inequalities, for the solution of which the ellipsoid method, modified by Khachiyan, is applied. The comparative analysis of the proposed methods is carried out based on experiments.
A unified methodology for planning and implementation of weather and climate modification (geoengineering) can be apparently developed based on the ideas and methods of geophysical cybernetics in which the climate system and its processes represent a control object and the role of the controlling subsystem is given to the appropriate social structures and, in particular, to operators having the necessary resources. This problem can be solved based on the sensitivity theory of dynamical systems. In this paper, as an example, we study the impact of the main parameters that control the development of baroclinic instability in the atmosphere on the growth rate of unstable waves. Analytical expressions for the absolute and relative sensitivity coefficients are obtained, which allows estimating the model response to the control parameters and, therefore, drawing a conclusion about the hypothetical ability to control the large-scale wave dynamics in the atmosphere and ocean. Selecting the baroclinic instability as a subject of this study is due to the significant role of this physical mechanism in the formation of the general circulation of the atmosphere and ocean, and, consequently, the Earth's climate.
Non-contact methods for measuring angular and linear geometric parameters in textile structures are considered. In this paper we have developed the following algorithms: a diffraction pattern modeling algorithm based on the fast Fourier transform; an algorithm for determining the yarn twist angle by a digital photography of its structure; an algorithm for determining the skewness of the weft thread in fabric; an algorithm for measuring the distance between adjacent elements of the structure using the method of the Double Fourier transform.
For a decision about the degree of membership of the test object to class of identified conditions it is necessary to produce the aggregation of its known characteristics, as a result diverse array of parameters can be reduced to a small number of generic classes that are functionally associated with the source data. This problem can be solved using algorithms for fuzzy classification.
The actual problem influence of the developed atmospheric turbulence and multiple light molecular-aerosol scattering at board satellite devices spatial-frequency permission and received from space a videoinformation quality about the environment has been considered. Given consideration has been carried out in a frame of the linear optical system’s theory and optical signals Fourier transformations. Representative data of the structural function vertical dependence of developed atmospheric turbulence and board satellite devices parameters, formed the space environment’s, including the advanced modeling data about spatial-frequency filtration by the molecular-aerosol Earth’s atmosphere in a visual spectral region (λ=400-800nm) have been used. Optical transfer functions of atmospheric “turbulence- molecular-aerosol scattering-board satellite device” complex system have been calculated. It is shown, that in during of remote sensing of the Earth from space the quality of environment’s satellite images and spectral brightness’s, including a spatial frequence permission of a the board optical devices of middle (Δ~10 1 –10 2 )м and low (Δ~10 3 –10 4 )м spatial frequence permission don’t dependent from the atmospheric turbulence. It is important result that the influence of atmospheric turbulence comparison with noncoherent multiple light molecular-aerosol scattering and board satellite device is most significant only for high frequancies and a small scale fragments (Δ<<10)м of space images and appropriate spectral brightness’s.
We provide a description of the methods for socially significant behavior modeling and estimation on the base of supershort incomplete set of observations. We consider agent-based modeling, statistical approach including small samples analysis, time series analysis and their application to the described problem. Finally, we describe advantages of probabilistic graphical models for representation of socially significant behavior.
Design approach to the optimal structure of multifunctional wireless tactile measuring means with self-contained power supply based on the search of the shortest paths in the graph, the balance of which is mapped to composite index that takes into account energy consumption, cost and technical compatibility of the functional units is considered. An example of increasing the accuracy of estimates of the measured parameters of objects with the combined wireless measuring tools is provided.
Merits and demerits of straight and iterative methods for BD LAES are shown. In article is offered the new «direct» method (algorithm) for solution of BD LES with varied parameters. It effectively uses basic solution LAES and matrix sparseness information and allows in the tasks using BD LAES, which need to be solved repeatedly, significantly increase speed of settlement algorithms due to reduction of number of computing operations, to lower requirements for random access memory volumes of computers.
The paper presents a solution to the problem of pitch modification of speech. The problem occurs in different speech processing applications such as voice conversion, accent correction, hiding speaker's personality and other. Developed processing scheme for voiced part of speech is based on the harmonic model with nonstationary (time-varying) parameters. In order to improve frequency resolution of the model parameters are extracted using narrow-band filtering in warped time domain aligned to instantaneous pitch frequency. Using subjective listening tests it is shown that developed system provides high naturalness and intelligibility of reconstructed speech and can be applied to wideband and narrowband communication channels with various coding standards (including G.711 and GSM).
Methodological foundations of space monitoring andthematic processing of satellite images of the forestare proposed in this paper. The methods of systems analysis for researching of satellite imagery thematic processing are used. We developed the models of structural relationships and properties of forests and satellite images interpretive features in different spectral bands of the survey and detailed images. In addition, we proposed criterion for alternatives evaluating of thematic processing. Production rules for interpretation of forest inventory parameters is constructed.
This paper proposes a method of constructing modal regulator by transfer function for closed-loop system in case of presence of setting and disturbance influence. The method is simple and allows to express the coefficients of the transfer function of the regulator in terms of coefficients of the wishful polynomial closed-loop system. On the basis of this feature an optimization algorithm of these coefficients on the criterion of maximum robustness is presented.
In this article we treat a question how to develop a procedure of functional and parametric analysis, which is based on calculation of effectiveness of multifuncional complex operation during decision making; we offer correlations for calculation, mark practicability of adding of support devices to information complexes.
In article are presented results of numerical researches of application of traditional variants statistical data processing to the capital markets estimation and forecasting accuracy. In article are presented results of numerical researches of application of traditional variants statistical data processing to the capital markets estimation and forecasting accuracy.
The paper proposes a way to estimate risky behavior rates ratio in two groups. These groups can be either the same group but considered a priori and a posteriori a behavioral intervention, or two groups/two samples from different populations to be compared simultaneously. A similar estimation is proposed to cumulative risk ratio (odds ratio). The risky behavior rate can be estimated either with data about several last episodes of the behavior or with the data on extreme intervals between the episodes during a certain period of time. For these two estimations may be different; a measure of their consistency is introduced.
One considers the application of the variation approach for the decision of problems of statistical estimation of parametres of models of nonlinear dynamic systems by criterion of the least squares with use of discrete and is discrete-continuous measurements. One discusses questions of regularization of marks appreciation.
The paper presents results of development of the reliability optimization methods for structurally- complex technical systems to select an optimum elements structure and their redundancy level within the specified reliability and cost constraints. Optimization problem means integer programming, and the scope of the task is reduced by using the multivariate bisection method. Functionality of the method is shown on the example of the pump control and emergency shutdown system.
This article proposed an index structure for a formal immune network. It introduced a new notation of risk index, set the objective of optimizing index parameters in terms of mean square performance criterion, which was then solved.
One considers the application of variation approach for solution of complex problems of statistic estimation of non-linear dynamic systems due to criterion of maximum verisimilitude. One discusses questions of accounting of a priori information and regularization of marks appreciation.
The proposed method provides an algorithm to calculate the minimal volume of resources, necessary for a communication channel under given requirements on the quality of network traffic service. The method is based on the information about joint communication channels and estimates of the traffic parameters. If a part of traffic is certainly known to be denied, this part should be eliminated from the network as early as possible. Although the provided method has been developed for the calculations on parameters of reserved communication channels, it can be applied for the planning in the network as a whole.
The impulse sensitivity of non-stationary linear dynamic systems is investigated. The functions of sensitivity of the output variables derivatives to jumps of piecewise-constant control are obtained in terms of coefficients of the equations, describing systems in "input-output" variables. The matrices of impulse sensitivity are applied to a solution of the problem of design of ε -optimal controls ensuring a beforehand specific accuracy of tracking of desirable movements on any time interval if there are restrictions on output signals and their derivatives. Necessary and sufficient conditions of robustness and ε -optimality of offered invariant control laws in geometric and determinant forms are proved.
A system of nonlinear discrete (finite-difference) of a general form with a bounded delay is considered. Interest in the tasks of qualitative analysis of such systems has increased significantly in recent years. At the same time, the problem of stability with respect to all variables of the zero equilibrium position, which has a great generality, is mainly analyzed in domestic and foreign literature. The main research method is a discrete-functional analogue of the direct Lyapunov method. In this article, it is assumed that the system under consideration admits a “partial” (in some part of the state variables) zero equilibrium position. The problem of stability of a given equilibrium position is posed, and stability is considered not in all, but only in relation to a part of the variables that determine this equilibrium position. Such a problem belongs to the class of problems of partial stability, which are actively studied for systems of various forms of mathematical description. The proposed statement of the problem complements the scope of the indicated studies in relation to the system under consideration. To solve this problem, a discrete version of the Lyapunov– Krasovskii functionals method is used in the space of discrete functions with appropriate specification of the functional requirements. To expand the capabilities of this method, it is proposed to use two types of additional auxiliary (vector, generally speaking) discrete functions in order to: 1) adjustments of the phase space region of the system in which the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is constructed; 2) finding the necessary estimates of the functionals and their differences (increment) due to the system under consideration, on the basis of which conclusions about partial stability are made. The expediency of this approach lies in the fact that as a result, the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, as well as its difference due to the system under consideration, can be alternating in the domain that is usually considered when analyzing partial stability. Sufficient conditions of partial stability, partial uniform stability, and partial uniform asymptotic stability of the specified type are obtained. The features of the proposed approach are shown on the example of two classes of nonlinear systems of a given structure, for which partial stability is analyzed in parameter space. Attention is drawn to the expediency of using a one-parameter family of functionals.
The paper considers the problems of developing recommendations in the area of fiscal and trade policies to counter economic sanctions at the level of both individual countries subject to such sanctions and at the level of economic union including such countries. Research study has been carried out based on the developed dynamic multi-sectoral and multi-country computable general equilibrium model, which describes the functioning of the economies of nine regions of the planet, including five countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The initial data of the model contain built sets of consistent social account matrices (SAMs) for the historical and forecast periods based on data from the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database, national input-output tables, international trade and IMF data (including forecast) for the main macroeconomic regions indicators. Results of the impact on macroeconomic and sectoral indicators of the EAEU countries and other regions of a hypothetical scenario providing the imposition of additional economic sanctions since 2019 against Russia from some regions were obtained. An approach to solving problems to counter the sanctions policy based on the parametric control theory by setting and solving a number of dynamic optimization problems to determine optimal values of the corresponding fiscal and trade policy instruments at the level of individual EAEU countries and the EAEU as a whole was proposed.
The results of the model-based calculations were tested for the possibility of practical application using three approaches, including evaluation mappings’ stability of the exogenous parameters’ values of a calibrated model to the values of its endogenous variables. The results demonstrate greater efficiency for each EAEU country using a coordinated economic policy to counter sanctions, compared with the implementation of such policy separately at the level of each country.
Determination of the nucleotide sequence of DNA or RNA containing from several hundred to hundreds of millions of monomers units allows to obtain detailed information about the genome of humans, animals and plants. The deciphering of nucleic acids’ structure was learned quite a long time ago, but initially the decoding methods were low-performing, inefficient and expensive. Methods for decoding nucleotide nucleic acid sequences are usually called sequencing methods. Instruments designed to implement sequencing methods are called sequencers.
Sequencing new generation (SNP), mass parallel sequencing are related terms that describe the technology of high-performance DNA sequencing in which the entire human genome can be sequenced within a day or two. The previous technology used to decipher the human genome required more than ten years to get final results.
A hardware-software complex (HSC) is being developed to decipher the nucleic acid sequence (NA) of pathogenic microorganisms using the method of NGS in the Institute for Analytical Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
The software included in the HSC plays an essential role in solving genome deciphering problems. The purpose of this article is to show the need to create algorithms for the software of the HSC for processing signals obtained in the process of genetic analysis when solving genome deciphering problems, and also to demonstrate the capabilities of these algorithms.
The paper discusses the main problems of signal processing and methods for solving them, including: automatic and semi-automatic focusing, background correction, detection of cluster images, estimation of the coordinates of their positions, creation of templates of clusters of NA molecules on the surface of the reaction cell, correction of influence neighboring optical channels for intensities of signals and the assessment of the reliability of the results of genetic analysis
Nature inspired algorithm based Load balancing of tasks on virtual machines (VMs) has become an area of greater research interest. Honey Bee Behavior Based Load Balancing (HBB-LB) was introduced to balance the load with a maximum throughput. This approach also balances the priorities of the tasks on the VM to minimize the waiting time of the tasks. However, HBB-LB considers only the VM load for balancing the load, which might not be sufficiently effective. This paper proposes an Improved Honey Bee Behavior Based Load Balancing (IHBB-LB), taking into consideration a few more QoS parameters of VM, such as service response time, availability, reliability, cost and throughput to enhance load balancing. Response time is vital in determining the instant activity of a VM while availability determines available resource and state of VM (idle or active) and Reliability determines the level of trust in a VM. Most importantly, Cost for utilizing a VM and Throughput (capability of VM) are also essential in determining the VM efficiency. But, the inclusion of multiple QoS parameters results in multi-objective optimization problem. As a number of QoS parameters are computed, the Fuzzification of the QoS values was performed through the generated fuzzy rules and multi-objective optimization problem was eliminated. The experiments were performed in terms of makespan, response time, degree of imbalance and the number of tasks migrated and results indicate that the IHBB-LB provides a better level of performance.
Modeling of radiation fields of an arbitrary optical thickness uniform slab in the case of a weak absorption and strongly elongated phase functions has been carried. The simple modification of classical Ambarzumian’s — Chandrasekhar’s invariance principle indispensable for the receiving of new non-linear integral equations connected with azimuthal Fourier harmonics of generalized unified photometric function and photometric invariants has been used. These values join upgoing and downgoing radiation fields intensities making use of simple linear manner at arbitrary optical levels in mirror vision directions including fixed azimuthal angles and solar zenith distance. Parametrizations of obtained non-linear integral equations have demonstrated in the absence of reflecting underlying surfaces, placed at the lowest level of considered uniform slab, the possibility to express angular-spatial properties of unified photometrical function and appropriate photometrical invariants taking into account the phase functions strongly elongation near small scattering angles and small slab’s absorption with the help of primary scattered radiation field intensities and adaptive fitting multipliers. These functional adaptive corrections have been stipulated by uniform slab’s multiple light scattering and possess the clear physical interpretation. The use of mirror reflection (symmetry) principle, elaborated by the author, and conception of unified photometric function allows one to estimate the above-mentioned peculiarities of real environment’s phase functions in the framework of photometric invariants numerical modeling. An analysis of appropriate radiative modeling results has shown a dominating influence of primary light scattering in the formation of anisotropically scattered radiation fields of an arbitrary optical thickness uniform slab in the case of weak radiation absorption and strongly elongated phase functions.
An algorithm for synthesis of robust control system for a continuous plant with uncertain interval parameters is proposed in the paper. A concept of relative intervality of the following interval mathematical objects is used to ensure robustness of the system: a scalar, a vector, a numerical characteristic of matrix namely trace. The problem is solved by the median modal control method taking into account the relative intervality of trace of the system state matrix. The trace of a matrix is the sum of the eigenvalues. The desired relative intervality value of standard system indicators is guaranteed. It is shown that relative intervality of trace of the system state matrix is equal to relative intervality of trace of multiply eigenvalue when the state matrix has one multiple eigenvalue. Relative intervality of trace of the system state matrix is changed by changing its median component. It is realized by introducing feedback on the plant state vector. The obtained results are illustrated by an example.
The transformable designs of space basing are delivered into orbit in a folded state, which creates the task of their reliable disclosure. In this paper we propose to use an actuator in the form of electrical machines as the executive body. The use of this type of actuator allows controlling the process of deployment.
As a large-sized transformable structure we consider the space-based reflector. At present, the transfer of the machines from the folded state to the operation state is carried out by stages. The paper considers the joint implementation of two stages: the rotation of the root unit of the spoke and the extension of the intermediate unit. Mathematical models for rotational and translational motions are developed which take into account such parameters as bending and contraction of the spoke. Modeling and analysis of the results of different variants of the joint disclosure of the reflector elements are made: the use of the engine for each of the components of the motion and the use of centrifugal force for the extension of the spoke.
The application of the algorithm for correcting the control parameters is considered. One of the important advantages of the algorithm is the ability to carry control in real time. It can be used to calculate the reference control in algorithms based on the two-channel principle.
. In article new approach to simulation and design of infocommunication systems, in which hierarchical multi-level routing is provided, is offered. Authors considered elements of a set-theoretic base and system of models of infocommunication system, operating not only traditional model elements – bipolar communication networks, – but also the multiple segments such as circuit, star, ring and tree. With use of provisions of the theory of sets to the basic concepts and procedures of a reference model of open system interconnection authors put in compliance mathematical objects providing the strict formal description of infocommunication system in which multipath multiple address physical and logical connections "point-to-multipoint", "multipoint-to-point", "multipoint-to-multipoint" are implemented. On the example of simulation of property of structural reliability of specific infocommunication system constructibility, visualization and systemacity of the developed approach are shown.
In this article we consider an approach to representation of distributions of probabili-ties in the form of the two-level composition of an integral kernel and a phase function which is generalization of the concept of density of random parameter distribution. Possibilities of giper-delta approximation of the phase function and its interrelation with the formation of phase-type distributions are shown. The method of approximating distributions formation on the basis of the arbitrary phase function by the method of derivatives is offered.
An approach to the formation of a stable heterogeneous system of the spacecraft is developed . Requirement to provide quasi-synchronous orbits multiplicity is formed . Decomposition of problem of formation of orbits with a given cycle of track circuit is carried out . Method of forming multiple quasi-synchronous orbits of various geometric characteristics of a single cycle of track circuit in the given operating conditions is developed .
The sensitivity theory combines the principles and methods for exploring the influence of parameters variation on properties of control systems. The sensitivity theory was formed at the end 1950s – the beginning of 1960s as an independent scientific field. Rozenwasser E.N. and Yusupov R. M. made a significant contribution to its formation. The paper describes general aspects of the historical development of sensitivity theory, the authors’ contribution to its formation within the control theory and the general theory of dynamic systems, and scientific and organizational activity which was carried out in the country with participation of authors on promotion of the sensitivity theory.
In this article we deal with the problem of providing with high operating availability of ergatic systems, also we notice that complete performance of operational tasks by purpose is defined by getting of reliable information both about operation effectiveness, technical condition of system's parts and effectiveness of personnel work. We suggest a method based on calculation of effectiveness of making decisions on all stages of system life cycle; notice the necessity of conduction of functional and parametric analysis; discuss various issues of development of information support hardware and implementation of suggested decisions.
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